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gNEW YORK 

STANDARD 

GUIDE 



1917 




This is a New 
and Complete 
Handbooks 
New York.. 



With 100 Views 
Slcyline 
Panorama 
Up to Date 
Map and Street 
Directory. 

For Visitors 
and Residents. 

The Jtandard 
Guide has helped 
thousands to 
see New York, 
intelligently, 
it will help you. 




&ge FOSTER & REYNOLD$_CoAhlw!T^ 



NEVYORK 

STANDARD 

.GUIDE 




,ASHINGlO„ 
STANDARD^ 





A PMCTtCAt guide to the 
I IBP,\I>.Y CAPITOL TPEA5LRV 
WHITE WOUSE .""ALL PUBLIC 
BUILDINGS: THE NONUMENT 



It's all in the 
STANDARD GUIDE 



*EAS0COAS¥*> 

,, v [ififiS NASSAU,,, < 



Books That Have Helped Thousands 

The Standard Guides, published by Foster & Reynolds, hold an unique 
place among travel handbooks. Intelligently written and profusely illustrated, 
they have been of practical assistance to thousands, and are indispensable to 
one who would see with appreciation the places they describe. A Standard 
Guide is the best traveling companion. The series comprises the following : 



Standard Guide to the Florida East Coast and 

Nassau.— 100 pages, 100 pictures, with large map 
of Florida. 25 cents. 

Practical Guide to the Library of Congress.— 

38 pages, with 72 key-pictures and other illus- 
trations. 10 cents. 

Standard Guide to Mackinac Island and North- 
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jects and gives the legends which cling about 
them. The romantic history of the island is told. 
Fifty illustrations. 25 cents. 



New York Standard Guide.— a new and com- 
plete handbook for visitors to New York and for 
New Yorkers. Describes and illustrates the Sky- 
scrapers, Subways, Wall Street, Trinity Church, 
Brooklyn Bridge, Fifth Avenue, Central Park, 
Grant'sTomb and other salient features of the city 
of today. 90 pictures, 25 cents. 

Washington Standard Guide.— Describes in de- 
tail the Capitol, Library of Congress, Washington 
Monument, White House and Departments, Ar- 
lington and Mount Vernon. 200 illustrations and 
large map, 25 cents. (Cloth, $1.00. ) 




Standard Guide to Havana.— A prac- 
tical handbook for visitors. It gives defi- 
nite and complete information about 
travel and the ways of living. The town's 
romantic history is concisely told. The 
manual of English-Spanish conversation 
meets practical requirements. If one 
| shall make the Standard Guide a com- 
| panion in Havana, it will contribute to 
I the economy, convenience and pleasure 
* of a visit. 25 cents. (Cloth, 50 cents.) 
Standard Guide to Cuba.— A new, 
complete and thoroughly practical hand- 
book of the island, with map and a Span- 
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illustrations. 50cents. (Cloth, $1.00.) 

Sold everywhere Sent postpaid on 
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FOSTER & REYNOLDS CO. 



Standard Guib. 



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New York 




The office of the Standard 
Guide is on the 28th floor of 
he Metropolitan Tower. 1 
Just above the clock. 




METROPOLITAN TOWER. 




STATUE OF GENERAL SHERMAN. 

By A. St. Gaudens. 

The Plaza, Fifth Avenue and Fifty-ninth Street. 



NEW YORK 

THE METROPOLIS OF THE 
WESTERN WORLD 




With 90 Illustrations from Photographs 



NEW YORK: 
THE F< ISTER & kl YXOLDS CO. 



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BROOKLYN BRIDGE — MANHATTAN TOWER. 




Contents. 

See full index in back 

New York Skyscrapers 9 

The New York and Brooklyn Bridge 20 

Battery Park 26 

The Statue of Liberty 3 2 

The Produce Exchange 34 

Customs House 36 

Bowling Green 39 

Trinity Church 40 

Wall Street 4" 

St. Paul's Chapel 54 

City Hall Park 59 

Grace Church 65 

I n ion Square 67 

Madison Square 68 

The Madison Square Garden 72 

The Appei i \tk ( m rt I [ouse 75 

Fifth Avenue 77 

Central Park 9 2 

Metropolitan Museum of Art 100 

Herald and Times Squares 106 

Riverside Drive 109 

Grant's Tomb 112 

morningside heights il6 

The Harlem River and Beyond 120 

Bron x Park 124 

Van Cortlandt Park 125 

The Subway 126 

Tunnels and Terminals 129 

Here and There in New York 132 








Ss 





new York tbc metropolis. 

The City of New York is the most marvelous exemplifica- 
tion of those traits of the American people which have made 
ihe United States of to-day. Interest in New Vork does not 
lie in the mere magnitude of the city, but is found rather in the 
boundless enterprise, the hold conception and the amazing 
achievement, which have reared the mighty fabric of the 
Metropolis. The theme is one which might well challenge Lhe 
pen of him who would celebrate the America of the beginning 
of the Twentieth ( !entury. 

In describing New York none other than the superlatives 
will suffice. It is in area the largesl city in the world, and in 
population is exceeded onl) l>\ one. The boroughs are linked 
together with the greatesl of suspension bridges, and pierced 
throughout their length and breadth by the most extensive of 
subway systems. Broadway extending from the Battery 
north to Yonkers is the longest streel in the world. The sys 
win of parks is the largesl and costliesl in extent and in the 
sums devoted to maintain them unapproached in America or 
Europe. The gigantic office buildings of the business districts 
are among the modern wonders of the world: there are none 
to compare with them; their foundations are sunk deeper 
toward the center of the earth, their summits are uplifted 
higher toward the heavens. The largest steamships afloat 
make New York their port, and from the deck of the incoming 
ship the world-traveler beholds the towering bulk of Manhat- 
tan with amazement. The superb mansions of upper Fifth 



8 NEW YORK. 

Avenue and Riverside Drive are among the most luxurious of 
the dwellings of man, as these streets are the grandest of 
residential avenues. The city's hotels and apartment houses 
are peerless in size and appointment; and each year witness 
their development, story added to story, luxury to luxury, 
magnificence to magnificence. The building operations char- 
acteristic of the day are audacious in their magnitude and in 
the engineering problems they involve. 

The statistics which express the activities of the Metropolis 
are in figures which are incomprehensible. The Post Office 
handles an average of 10,000,000 pieces of mail matter every 
twenty-four hours, and the city contributes $12,000,000 
annually to the postal revenues. The surface cars carry 452,- 
000,000 passengers in a year. On the floor of the New York 
Stock Exchange more than 3,000,000 shares of stock have 
changed hands in a single day. The banks of New York lead 
the world in volume of clearings. New York is the financial 
center of the world. 

Great and surpassing as the city is, each year adds to its 
material greatness and commanding influence. Underground 
railroads, viaducts, bridges, tunnels, terminals, and piers ; the 
Concourse of the Bronx to cost $12,000,000, the $4,000,000 
Public Library on Fifth Avenue, the new Stock Exchange, 
Chamber of Commerce, Custom Plouse and Hall of Records; 
the new Metropolitan Museum of Art, the Cathedral of St. 
John the Divine — this is to name only some of the more con- 
spicuous features of the growing and expanding city of the 
present, the Metropolis of America, from which is emerging 
that city of the future which shall be the Metropolis of the 
World. ' 



PDotofirapD eopyriflM notice. 

The illustrations in this book are mainly, 
unless otherwise noted, from photographs 
copyrighted by Messrs. Geo. P. Hall & Son, 
of New York, and may not be reproduced 
without permission of the copyright owners 



neu 1 Vork Skyscrapers. 



When wc approach New York by river or bay, we sec in the view of the 
high buildings of Manhattan Island a picture winch lias no parallel in the 
cities of the world. Our firsl impression of the height ami magnitude of 
these architectural marvels is strengthened as we wander through the 
downtown streets, and passing from one shadowy canon into another 
make our way between the tremendous cliffs. The skyscrapers of New 
York constitute one of the most impressive and interesting features of 
the city. 

The high building is distinctly a modern and wholly American creation. 
It has grown out of the concentration of business and the ever-insistent 
demand for business office room in the closely congested business centers. 
The skyscraper provides business opportunity fur a thousand, two thou- 
sand, three thousand, where without it there would be room only for as 
many hundreds. Two factors have made it possible — the passenger eleva- 
tor, which gives immediate access to the upper stories, and the steel cage 
system of construction, which enables the architect to design his building 
of any desired height. The steel cage is a framework of steel beams, bolted 
together with hot rivets. In efTect it is a bridge set on end. The walls are 
simply weather shields, fastened to it. Under the old system the walls 
supported the floors ; in the new buildings, the walls serve merely as cur- 
tains to shut out the weather, and are themselves supported by girders 
which project at the levels of the floors. The steel frame goes up first, and 
the walls are put on afterwards; sometimes the upper stories are walled 
in before the lower ones. Under the old system of supporting walls, build- 
ings were limited to eight or ten stories ; the steel cage goes up twenty 
and forty stories, and the architects tell us that there are no mechanical 
obstacles to buildings of ioo stories. The steel cage system, moreover, has 
reduced the cost of construction from $5 a cubic foot under the old 
methods to thirty-seven cents under the new. With steel beams and 
steel ceiling arches, concrete floors and stone and metal stairways, the 
structures are considered to be fireproof. 

Wonderful as the high buildings appear to us as wc see them towering 
in the air, some of the greatest engineering achievements in their con- 
struction are below the ground, in the foundations contrived to sustain 
the prodigious superstructure- The foundations go down to bedrock, in 
some instances 100 feet below the surface. As the architect went to the 
bridge engineer to build his steel cage, so he has adopted the bridge 
engineer^ pneumatic caisson system of pier sinking. The caisson for 
high building foundation work was first adopted in the Manhattan Life 
Insurance Building, on Broadway, near Exchange Place, in 1894.. The 
weight of the structure was calculated at 21,600 tons; the pressure exerted 
upon the foundation by the force of the wind acting upon the sides nf the 
building and tending to overturn it was calculated at 2,400 tons; and the 

9 



NEW YORK. 




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AMERICAN SURETY BUILDING. 
Showing plan of foundation. 



weight of the furniture and thf 
human beings who would occupy 
it was reckoned at 7,000 tons more 
— making a total weight of 31,000 
tons or 62,000,000 pounds to be 
carried by the foundation:-- To pro- 
vide a foundation that would sus- 
tain this immense weight, the ar- 
chitects sunk their caissons down 
to. bedrock, 55 feet below the sur 
face. As each caisson descended, 
a brick pier was built up on it. 
When bedrock was reached, the 
rock was leveled inside the cais 
son, and the chamber was filled 
with concrete, so that caisson and 
masonry formed one solid pier 
resting on bedrock and rising to 
the surface of the ground. There 
were fifteen of these great piers, 
and their cost was nearly $150000. 
The Manhattan Life Building has 
eighteen stories, and is 350 feet in 
height from the sidewalk. The 
plot, fronting 67 feet on Broadway. 
cost $1,500,000, and the building 
itself $1,500,000. 

The foundations of the Ameri- 
can Surety Building, at Broad- 
way and Pine street, were sunk 
in the same way to bedrock 79 feet 
down. Our illustration, from the 
Scientific American, shows the 
caissons resting on the bedrock, 
the piers on the caissons, and the 
columns on the piers. Here, too. 
is an ingenious cantilever device, 
which may be seen in the right- 
hand pier, for distributing toward 
the center a portion of the weight 
of the outer walls. The plot of 
land. 85 feet square, cost $1,350,000; 
a portion of it, that on the corner, 
cost $267.67 a square foot (or at 
the rate of over eleven and one- 
half million dollars an acre). This 
was the record price for Broad- 
way real estate until the plot on 
the south corner of Broadway and 



NEW )'<>A'A' SKYSCRAPERS. 



Wall street was sold in 1906 at the price of 
$57(1 a square Eoot. The American Surety 
has twi ries, with a height of 308 

feet. The United States Weather Bureau 

foi h 1m re has removed to the new 

Whitehall Building. The statues on the 
front arc by J. Massey Rhind. There is, by 
the way, a curious circumstance in relation 
to the cornice, which al the height of 308 
feel projects beyond the building line and 
trespasses upon the air space which belongs 
to the Schermerhorn Building next door. 

When the trespass was discovered, the 
Astors, who own the Schermerhorn, threat- 
ened to put up a skyscraper which would of 
course cut off the south light and air of tin 

American Surety Building; the matter was 
adjusted by the American Surety Company 
taking a ninety-nine years' lease of the 
Schermerhorn Building at $75,000 a year. 

Many of the entrance halls are rich in 
marbles. Those deserving of inspection in 
buildings uptown are of the Constable 
(Fifth avenue and Eighteenth street) and 
tlte Metropolitan Life (Madison Square); 
and downtown on Broadway, the New 
York I. it'e (No. 346), Central Bank (No. 

Postal Telegraph (No. 253), 
Equitable (No. t2o), 
Empire ( No. 71 1. and 
Bowling Gre< n 1 No. 
1 1 I. Some of the halls 
are arcades, with tele- | 
graph and messengi 
fices, news stands, flow > 1 
Stands, and confection- 
ery counters about which 
the typewriters Hock at ^Hlj 
noon time like so many J 
butterflies. The hall I 
of the Kmpirc Building IBflV 
constitutes the ap- 
proach from Broadway 
to the Rector street sta- I 
tioii of the elevated rail- 
n iad, and huiidn d 
thousands of people pass I 
through it every day; it 
is lined with shops and H|fl 
is a veritable city street. ^^^ 
The Equitable, too, has 







' ■■■ 
' 1 l ■ 




THE PARK ROW BUTT-DING. 



12 NEW YORK. 

a tamous arcade from Broadway to Nassau street. An office building 
is a city in itself, with its railway in the elevators, its water system, 
fire extinguishing apparatus on every floor, light, heat and power plants; 
post office and telegraph office, uniformed police force, restaurant, shops 
and a population running into the thousands. The tenant may supply his 
manifold wants without going from under the roof. He has at command 
telegraph, telephone and messenger service, and mails his letters in the 
mail chute, which extends through all the floors, carrying the letters to the 
mail box at the bottom, where the mail is collected by the postmen. He 
may lunch in the restaurant on one floor, take out a life insurance policy 
on another, cash his checks at his bank on a third, and put his valuables in 
safe-deposit in the basement. He may consult his physician, his broker or 
his lawyer; visit his tailor or shoeblack or barber; and buy his cigars, 
and paper, theater tickets, and flowers and a box of candy for his best girl. 

The prevailing rental for offices in the buildings below Chambers street 
is $2 per square foot per year above the fifth floor, and for the lower floors 
it goes as high as $11 a square foot. The rent includes light, heat and 
janitor service ; in the Vincent and Equitable buildings it also gives the 
lawyer tenant access to a law library maintained by the building; and in the 
Commercial Cable each individual office has a fire-proof safe. The Park 
Row, St. Paul, World, Times and other buildings are open day and night 
every day in the year. The cost of maintenance of the largest buildings 
approximates $100,000 a year. The single item of water supply amounts 
to $5,000. The Manhattan Life has an artesian well, and the Metropolitan 
Life draws water from a stream which was once an open brook from 
Madison Square to the East River, and being covered up still flows. 

The elevators in the high buildings are divided into local which stop at 
every floor, and express which stop only above certain stories. A fine 
illustration of the spirit of hurry which possesses the average downtown 
New Yorker is the impatience with which he resents a delay of a five-second 
elevator stop before he gets to his own floor. In some buildings, as the Amer- 
ican Tract Society, there are two sets of elevators, one above the other, so 
that one must change cars to go to the top. There are automatic brakes to 
stop the descent of the car in case of accident, and air wells at the bottom of 
the shaft to serve as cushions if the car should fall. The "high-speed" eleva- 
tors have a possible speed of 500 to 700 feet per minute, and in practice are 
runatsooto 600 feet. The elevator has been likened to a vertical railroad ; and 
when we come to think of it, it is quile as much an achievement of me- 
chanical skill to take us straight up smoothly and safely twenty stories in 
forty seconds as it is to carry us over the rails at express train speed. The 
highest development of the elevator is the electric, which is worked by 
electric motive power and is controlled from the car entirely by electricity. 

In the cellars and subcellars are the electric light, water and steam-heat- 
ing plants and the machinery which runs the elevators — an astonishing and 
bewildering maze of furnaces, boilers, steam engines, dynamos, pumps, 
pipes and tanks. Under direction of the superntendent of the building 
is a host of employes — uniformed police, elevator conductors, engineers, 
sweepers, scrub women and window cleaners. The men who clean windows 
hundreds of feet in the air wear belts with straps which are fastened to 
hooks on the outside of the window, so that if one should lose his footing 




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PARK ROW BUILDING. 
Photo copyright, 1899, by Reichert & Henius, New York. 



i 4 NEW YORK. 

on the window sill he could not fall. An interesting illustration of the 
specialization of industries in a great city is offered by the towel supply 
concerns, which make a business of supplying offices with clean towels, 
soap and other accessories. 

The Standard Oil Building, No. 26 Broadway, is remarkable for an 
engineering expedient for the support of the upper stories. The old 
building had nine stories, and when the addition of six new floors was 
contemplated it was found that the walls would not sustain the increased 
weight. Accordingly the lot adjoining on the north was acquired, and 
on this was erected a steel cage building with a cantilever projecting out 
over the old building, and of sufficient strength to sustain the weight of 
the new floors. The six upper stories, then, which appear to be a part 
of the old building and to rest upon its walls, are really, so far as sup- 
port is concerned, quite independent of it. The steel cage construction 
has been likened to a bridge ; here we have a Broadway office building 
which is in effect a cantilever bridge. 

The construction of the $2,500,000 annex of the Mutual Life Insurance 
Company's building at Liberty, Nassau and Cedar streets involved among 
other engineering feats the underpinning of an 18-story building adjoin- 
ing, in which were a safety deposit company's safes and vaults, the work- 
ing of the locks of which would have been stopped by a settlement of the 
sixteenth of an inch. The caissons of the annex rest on bed-rock 100 
feet below the surface. The cellar floor is 55 feet below the sidewalk, 
and 35 feet below the line of standing water. 



The Singer Building. 

Most famous of New York's lofty structures is the Singer Building, 
erected by the Singer Manufacturing Company, at Broadway and Liberty 
street. At the time of completion in the spring of 1908 the highest office 
building ever erected, it rises forty-seven stories above the sidewalk, with 
pinnacle 612 feet in air. Other skyscrapers, with their 300 and 400 feet 
of altitude, are dwarfs in comparison. The Singer Building dominates 
the sky-line of New York. It has place among the big things of the 
earth, exceeding in height many of the celebrated edifices of the world. 
Compared with the highest structures abroad it is outranked only by 
the Eiffel Tower of France with a height of 984 feet. The Cologne 
Cathedral is 516 feet, the Rouen Cathedral 490 feet, the Great Pyramid 
485 feet. In America the Washington Monument is 555 feet, the Phila- 
delphia City Hall 537 feet. The Singer is three times the height of 
Trinity steeple and twice the height of the Flatiron Building. The 
structure is noteworthy also for beauty of design and for features in- 
volved in the construction. It is of the modern French school of archi- 
tecture, and presents an unusually rich design. The materials of the 
fagades are pressed brick and Indiana lime stone. The tower shows on 
each side an immense bay window, extending from the fourteenth to the 
thirty-fourth story, each capped with an arch supporting a semi-circular 
balcony. The roof of the tower, of curved mansard type, includes three 
stories, the whole surmounted by a huge copper lantern. From the roof 
of the main building searchlights of the United States naval standard 







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SINGER BUILDING. 
Erected by the Singer Manufacturing Company. Forty-nine stories. Height, 612 feet 



i5 NEW YORK. 

are directed against the fagades of the tower, making it visible at night 
in bold relief for over twenty miles. The lantern crowning the tower 
contains a powerful searchlight, the rays of which may be seen from a 
distance of sixty to seventy-five miles. Further exterior illumination of 
the tower is accomplished by means of concealed incandescent lights. 

The Singer Building is a house founded on a rock. The weight of 
the vast structure, which is 90,000 tons, is supported upon caissons 
of solid concrete, resting on the bed-rock 92 feet below the curb. A 
novel feature of the construction is the provision of a system of "wind 
anchors," to withstand the tremendous wind pressure to which the build- 
ing is subjected during a gale. Assuming a wind pressure of 30 pounds 
per square foot, distributed uniformly over the face of the building, 
the engineers calculated the total overturning moment of the wind to 
be 128,000 foot-tons, a force which would give the building a tendency 
to lift on the windward side. To provide against this lift, a set of big 
steel rods was devised, running down fifty feet into the concrete piers 
on which, the building rests, and thus securely anchoring it to the founda- 
tion. 

Some details of the building are : Height from sidewalk to top of 
lantern, 612 feet; basement floor to top of flagstaff, 724 feet. Forty- 
nine stories; gy' 2 acres of floor space; 15 miles of steam and water pip- 
ing; 15,000 incandescent lamps. Not a cubic inch of wood is used in 
the construction or finish. The elevators rise 41 stories in one minute; 
express elevators 30 stories in 30 seconds. 

Adjoining the Singer Building is the City Investing Building, thirty 
stories in height, with roof 418 feet above the curb, and caisson founda- 
tions 80 feet below the surface. The amount invested in land and build- 
ing exceeds $10,000,000. It is interesting to note that long before the 
foundation caissons were sunk two entire floors of the building had been 
leased to a corporation for a lease of ten years of an aggregate value of 
$1,000,000. 

The Trinity Building (310 feet in height), overlooking Trinity Church- 
yard, has the advantage of a position which gives the vast Gothic fagade 
peculiar impressiveness. Adjoining is the United States Realty Build- 
ing (300 feet), a twin structure. Each building is of twenty-one stories, 
and the combined floor space is 552,873 square feet, an area which if 
one floor would cover seven blocks the size of the Madison Square 
Garden. The foundation caissons rest on bed-rock 80 feet below the 
sidewalk. The two buildings with the land cost $15,000,000. 

No. 1 Wall Steert, the eighteen-story office building, on the south- 
east corner of Wall street and Broadway, stands on a plot 30 x 30 feet, 
which was bought in 1906 for $654,456 or $576 per square foot, or $4 
per square inch. The first floor and basement, 28 x 28 feet, rent for 
$40,000 a year. 

The Exchange Building, 36 to 42 Broadway, one of the largest in the 
city, is of 20 stories, fronts 116 feet on Broadway and 115 on New street, 
and has 350,000 square feet of rental space. The cost, including site, was 
$5,000,000. Another building of immense proportions is the 22-story 
$3,500,000 home of the Bank of the State of New York, at Exchange 
Place and William street. Adjoining it is the 18-story building of the 



NEW YORK SKYSCRAPERS. 




NO. I WALL STREET. 

Atlantic Mutual Insurance Company. The Hanover Bank Building, at 
Nassau and Pine streets, of twenty-three stories, 380 feet, is architecturally 
one of the most pretentious of the office buildings. The upper part is 
decorated with a series of Greek columns surrounded with an elaborate 
cornice, and the rounded edges give it the effect of a campanile. Th- 
intersection of Nassau and Pine streets is a banking and insurance center 
and the land is extremely valuable; the Hanover Bank site cost $22339 
a square foot, and the northwest corner opposite was bought by the 
Equitable in 1896 for $250 a square foot. 



18 NEW YORK. 

The Broad Exchange Building, at Broad street and Exchange Plac 
fronting 236 feet on Exchange Place and 106 feet on Broad street, wil 
a wing of 100 feet to Beaver street, has an area of 27,000 square fe 
to each of the twenty stories. There are forty offices on a floor, reach( 
by eighteen elevators. The cost of building and site was $7,500,000. 

The twin domes of the twenty-one-story Commercial Cable Buildi? 
on Broad street rise 317 feet above the curb, and the foundations § 
down 106 feet below the surface. The floor of the engineer's room 
40 feet below the sidewalk. The letter carriers deliver mail to 3,$ 
people in the building, and the elevators carry 25,000 passengers a da 

Conspicuous by reason of their isolated situations and seen from tl 
harbor and the Jersey City ferries are the Whitehall Building facii 
Battery Park, and the West Street Building on West street. 

The Park Row Building, on Park Row, facing the Post-Office, h; 
thirty-one stories, with a height from sidewalk to cornice of 336 fee 
to top of towers 390 feet ; to top of flagstaff 447 feet ; depth of found 
tion below street line 75 feet ; total height from foundation to flagsts 
truck 552 feet. The weight of 20,000 tons or 40,000,000 pounds is carri< 
on 4,000 piers driven into the sand 40 feet down to bed-rock. The co 
of building and land was $4,000,000. There are 950 offices, 2,080 window 
1,770 doors, 7,500 electric lights and 3,500 tenants. As shown by a cou 
for a week (six days of ten hours each), the ten elevator cars trav 
16.38 miles an hour, and carry up an average of 814 persons an hot 
or 8,140 a day, or 48,860 a week. About the most interesting phenomenc 
connected with the building is the memory of one of the car startei 
wbo knows all the tenants and all the clerks and the floors they are < 
and the rooms they are in. 

The Park Row owners tell us that the building stands so firm that 
the highest gales a plumb line test fails to show the slightest tremor 1 
the structure. All the skyscrapers are braced to withstand wind pre 
sures; in some of them vibration is perceptible in a storm, but as wi 
bridges this is not regarded as an indication of weakness. A pendulu 
clock on the top floor of the American Surety has been stopped by t' 
vibration of the building in a storm ; and the vibration of the top floo 
in a 20-story building has been sufficient to move the water in a bov 

The Hudson Terminal Building, on Church street, between Fultc 
and Cortlandt, is the terminal of the Hudson River tunnels to Jers 
City, and the nucleus of all the underground railway systems that co 
verge under lower Manhattan. It is the largest office structure in tl 
world. The twenty-two stories have 4,000 offices, with an estimated pop 
lation of 10,000. The building occupies 70.000 square feet of groun 
The cubic areas are 14,500,000 cubic feet above ground, 3,650,000 cut 
feet below ground, or a total of 18,150,000 cubic feet. Here are some 
the official figures that give an idea of the amount of material necessa 
in the construction. To build the walls above the curb, 16,300,000 brie 
were necessary; there are 1,300,000 square feet of tile partitions, 5,2 
doors, 5,000 windows, and a total glass area of 120,000 square feet; 500,0 
square yards of plastering, 16 miles of plumbing pipe, 29 miles of stea 
pipe, 56 miles of woodbase, 65 miles of picture moulding, 95 miles 1 




BROADWAY AT THE POST OFFICE. 



20 NEW YORK. 

conduits, 113 miles of electric wiring, and 30,000 electric lights. Spec: 
features of the building are perhaps the largest electric storage batte 
in the world, and an arcade which is a great glass-inclosed passagewj 
lined with shops and booths. It is larger than any of the famous Eur 
pean arcades. 

The white marble New York Life Building, at No. 346, has a porti 
which is one of the adornments of Broadway; the massive columns 
polished marble are monoliths 27 feet in height. The clock tower, wi 
its finial group, is one of the conspicuous features of the Broadway vis 
and is prominent in the sky-line of Manhattan Island as seen from t 
rivers. The company's counting room on the Broadway floor is deservec 
one of the show rooms of the town. 

A building which because of its conspicuous position, peculiarity 
construction and towering height is of commanding interest, is t 
Fuller Building, at the 23d street intersection of Broadway and Fif 
avenue, two of the most famous streets in the world. The building 
popularly called the Flatiron, because the plot on which it stands is 
flatiron shape, with the rounded point toward Madison Square. "T 
Ship" would be a sobriquet quite as fitting, for from Madison Square t 
structure has the semblance of an immense ship, bow on, about to pic 
its way through the Square. From viewpoints far up on Fifth aven 
the Flatiron towers up impressively. The land cost $800,721, and t 
building, including site, $4,000,000. It is 300 feet high, with twenty storii 
and 456 offices above the fourth floor. 

Cbe Dew Vork and Brooklyn Bridge. 

The New York and Brooklyn Bridge, which spans the East Riv< 
connecting the Boroughs of Manhattan and Brooklyn, has its Manhatt; 
terminal at the City Hall Park. The promenade is free; fare by troll* 
5 cents ; by bridge cars, 3 cents one way, round trip 5 cents. To see t 
bridge, we should view it from the water, or walk across it, or at le? 
go out on the New York side as far as the tower. A good plan is 
cross the river by the Fulton Ferry and walk across the bridge (o: 
miie), or return from Brooklyn by trolley and walk back to the Nc- 
York tower. Only by actually going out upon the bridge may one ga 
any conception of its tremendous construction. We shall have too 
memorable prospect of river and harbor and city, east over Brooklj; 
west and north over New York to the Palisades. Here we begin 
realize the magnitude of the city, as we contemplate its vast expanse 
the north and the mountain of masonry in the south. The ridge of hij 
buildings on the lower end of Manhattan Island, as seen from the brid; 
in the afternoon, has much of the character of a mountain ; its heigh 
cast in shadow the district east of it just as a mountain shadows tl 
slopes and valleys behind it long before the sun sets. If we go out 
the middle of the river span, we shall have the novel experience of loo 
ing directly down upon the water craft 135 feet below. As seen fro 
here, even the largest steamboat takes on an appearance curiously su 
gestive of a toy boat. 



BROOKLYN BRIDGE. 




THE BROOKLYN TERMINAL. 



The bridge was begun in 1870 and opened to traffic in 1883. having 
consumed thirteen years in building, and cost $15,000,000. Subsequent 
alterations have increased the cost to $21,000,000. The third largest sus- 
pension bridge in existence, in the field of bridge engineering it is the 
crowning triumph of the nineteenth century, and is one of the wonders 
of the world. 

The bridge was designed by John A. Roebling, the builder of the Niagara 
Falls Suspension Bridge and others. While engaged in the preliminary 
work he mel his death. He was succeeded by his son, William A. Roebling, 
who in turn was injured by a fire in one of the caissons and became a 
permanent invalid. He was removed to a residence on the heights of 
Brooklyn, where, with indomitable resolution, he watched the details of 
construction from his window by the aid of a telescope and assisted by his 
wife directed the progress of the work to it^ successful completion. 

The bridge consists of a central river -pan from tower to tower, two land 
spans from towers to anchorages, and the land approach on either side. 
The channel span from tower to tower is 1,505 feet 6 inches — the third 



NEW YORK. 




THE NEW YORK TOWER. 

single span in the world. Each land span is 930 feet. The Manhattai 
approach is 1,562 feet 6 inches; the Brooklyn approach 971 feet. Th 
total length of the bridge is 5,989 feet, and with the extensions, 6,53; 
feet. (A miles is 5,280 feet.) The towers are 278 feet high above higl 
water, from water to roadway 119 feet, from roadway to roof coping 151 
feet. The floor at the tower is 119 feet; the clear height at center o 
span 135 feet above the water. The width is 85 feet. The cables are 15^ 
inches in diameter, and 3,57s feet 6 inches in length. 

The towers rest upon caisson foundations. The Manhattan caisson rest 
on bed-rock 78 feet below high water mark, the Brooklyn one on a cla; 



BROOKLYN BRIDGb. 



23 




bottom 45 feet down. The caissons are of a si/.- which was before un- 
known: the Manhattan 171 x [02 feet, the Brooklyn [68 x 102 feet. Each 
weighs 7,000 tons, and is filled with X.000 tons of concrete. The towers are 
not solid masonry, bul consist of three buttressed shafts joined by con- 
necting walls up t" the roadway and arched above. At high water line 
the towers are 140 x. 159 feet, at the roof course [36 x 153 feet. 

The New York ends of the four cables are imbedded in an anchorage 
930 feet hack of the tower; the other ends are fastened in the correspond- 
ing anchorage on the Brooklyn side. 



24 NEW YORK. 

The volume of traffic is something of which the bare figures fail 
give any conception. One must see for himself the confluent streams 
humanity which at the day's end flow to the bridge through all the c< 
verging streets. The bridge cars carry from 135,000 to 140,000 p 
sengers a day, and 80,000 of these go over in the rush hours from 7 
9 in the morning and 4 to 6 at night. In addition to the bridge c: 
there are 3,500 trolley cars which cross the bridge daily and carry th 
tens of thousands. 

The Williamsburg Bridge, from Williamsburg, Brooklyn, to Grs 
street, Manhattan, is the greatest suspension bridge in the world, w 
a channel span of 1,600 feet, a length of 7,200 feet between terminals 
height of 135 feet at the center, and towers 335 feet. The bridge is 
feet wide and carries four trolley and two cable tracks, two roadw; 
and two foot walks. The cost was $12,000,000. 

The Queensboro Bridge extends across the East River from E 
Fifty-ninth street, in the Borough of Manhattan, to Ravenswood, in 1 
Borough of Queens, and is supported by two piers rising from Blai 
well's Island. In weight and carrying capacity it is the greatest cantile 1 
bridge in the world. The length of the bridge proper is 3,724 feel 
inches ; the entire length, including the approaches, is 8,231 feet. 1 
Manhattan approach, built chiefly of masonry, 1,051 feet in length, ( 
tends to a pier on the river edge. Here the truss construction beg 
with the shore arm, 470 feet in length, of the westerly cantilever. 1 
river span west of the island consists of two cantilever arms, each < 
feet in length, making a total westerly river span of 1,182 feet, dim< 
sions exceeded only by the other New York structures, the Brookl 
Bridge with a span of 1,595 f ee ^ the Williamsburg Bridge, 1,600 fe 
and Scotland's great bridge across the Frith of Forth, 1,710 feet. T 
span between the two piers on Blackwell's Island is 630 feet ; the rn 
span east of the island is 984 feet; the shore arm of the easterly car 
lever is 459 feet ; the Long Island approach is 3,455 feet. The sup 
structure is carried on masonry towers which are 185 feet in height abc 
the bottom chord. The clear height of the bridge above mean hi 
water is 135 feet. The carrying capacity is enormous. There are fr 
floors, the lower one 86 fet wide between railings, the upper one 67 fe 
The lower floor carries a roadway 56 feet wide for street and vehicu 
traffic, and having two trolley tracks ; and two other trolley tracks 1 
carried on extensions of the floor beams. On the upper floor is pi 
vision for four elevated tracks and two 13-foot sidewalks. The susta: 
ing strength of the bridge has been calculated for the upbearing of 2 
rapid transit cars carrying 30,000 passengers, 300 trolley cars with 30,c 
passengers, a congested traffic on the promenades of 55,000 persons, a 
on the roadway of 100,000 — a total of 215,000. The bridge was design 
bv Gustav Lindenthal. Its cost was $20,000,000. 



Battery Part 



Battery Park forms the southern termination of Manhattan Islan 
It is reached by all the elevated roads and by the Broadway, Six 
avenue, Eighth avenue and Belt lines, and by the Subway. 

The distinguishing feature of the Battery is the sea wall along tl 
water front, which affords an admirable view of New York Harbc 
Here the North (or Hudson) and East rivers join their currents, ai 
the outlook is south over the Upper Bay. On the right across t! 
North River is Jersey City, with the New Jersey shore stretching aw; 
to where the Standard Oil refineries send up their perpetual columns 
smoke. In the middle distance, five miles away, rise the wooded slop 
of Staten Island. Near at hand, on the left, is Governor's Island, and on t 
extreme left, across the East River, is Brooklyn with its warehouses ai 
church steeples. The Narrows, seven miles distant, are in line wi 
Governor's Island, which shuts off the view of them. 

The Statue of Liberty, on Liberty Island, is a conspicuous object. 1 
the right of it on Ellis Island are the large buildings of the Immigrate 
Depot. The fort on the point of Governor's Island is Castle Willian 
If our visit is so timed, we may see the flash of its sunset gun, follow- 
by the kindling of Liberty's torch and the blink of the revolving lig 
on Robbins Reef, off Staten Island. But at whatever hour we stai 
here the scene is one of interest. Nowhere else in New York may i 
have such a diversified and animated marine picture. There are gigan' 
European steamships moving majestically to their piers, coastwise steai 
ers and Sound boats, excursion boats — if it be summer — with pici 
barges and floating hospitals ; ferryboats, lighters, freight car floats, lo 



{***Hi 



•i -3* i $#'~Ji 




r^m* 




guvernor's island and the upper bay. 



BATTERY PARK. 



27 



H 




THE AQUARIUM— FORMERLY CASTLE GARDEN. 



ows of canal boats bound up the Hudson, grotesque floating derricks and 
grain elevators, noisy tugs with tows and noisier ones without, revenu< 
utters, smart steam yachts and perhaps a war vessel, with sailing craft 
ml naphtha launches— all these coming and going and forming a marine 
ledley, with kaleidoscopic effects, ever full of motion, forever changing, 
nd a scene to stir the imagination. Mere we are looking upon one oi 
te most magnificent harbors in the world, whose sunsets challenge the 
rtist's brush and whose activities are significant of New York's com- 
lercial supremacy of the Western Hemisphere. 

Telling the same story, beyond the Park rise the tower of the Produce 
Exchange and the lofty office buildings, which are the beginning of that 
accession of skyscrapers for which New York is famous. Near by on 
.hate street are seen the Chesebrough and Battery Park buildings; where 
(roadway begins is the Washington, with the Bowling Green overtopping 
K and beyond is the Empire; on the right is the Standard Oil. 

'I'm Aquarium, near the sea wall in the southwesl of the Park, is 
men daily from 9 to 5. admission free. !t contains large collection- of 
ishes and marine life. The large floor tanks are devoted to seals, sea 
'ions, sturgeon and other large species; and the ioo wall tanks contain 
resh and sail water fishes The most striking exhibits are of I'.ernmda 
ngelfish, parrotfish, moonfish and other brilliantly colored 
die balanced aquaria tanks on the second floor should not he over- 
looked. There are shown in all some 3,000 living specimens. The daily 
upply of 300,000 gallons of salt water is furnished from a tidal well 



28 NEW YORK. 

beneath the building, and there are heating and refrigerating plants t 
control the temperature of fresh and salt water. The Aquarium is main 
tained by the city. It has an average of over 5,000 visitors daily an 
10,000 on Sundays. On August 20, 1898. the day of the reception c 
Admiral Sampson's fleet, the Aquarium visitors numbered 47,360. 

Castle Garden. — The circular building of the Aquarium was originall 
a fort, Castle Clinton, built for the defense of the city against the Britis 
in the war of 1812 ; and the spot where it stands was then an island 20 
feet from the shore. When, in 1822, Congress ceded the property to th 
city, it was converted into a place of amusement, and was named Castl 
Garden. It became the home of opera, and was a place for great publi 
gatherings. Here on Lafayette's return to America in 1824 six thousan 
persons assembled to greet him ; and among the others who from time t 
time were given public receptions here were Louis Kossuth, President 
Jackson and Tyler and Van Buren, and the Prince of Wales. Here in 183 
S. F. B. Morse, the inventor of the telegraph, publicly demonstrated b 
means of a wire coiled about the interior of the Garden the practicability c 
controlling the electric current. Here in 1850 Jenny Lind, the Swedis 
singer, made her American debut, under the management of P. T. Barnum 
her half of the profits of the first concert being $12,500, which sum sh 
donated to the charities of New York. From 1855 to 1890 Castle Garde 
was an immigrant bureau, through whose portals millions of immigrant 
entered America. The building was opened as an aquarium in 1896. 

Near the Aquarium is the station of the fireboat "New Yorker," whici 
may be seen at her dock. The city has ten of these boats. They ar 
equipped with powerful machinery and are of tremendous hose capacity 
Their mission is to quell fires in the shipping and on the water from 
Steam is always up and everything is in readiness for instant respons 
to the alarm which comes over the wire or is given by rapid, short blast 
of a steamer's whistle. When the "New Yorker's" siren answers th 
cail and the boat starts away, it is something to stir the blood even o 
one to whom a fire engine dashing through city streets is an old story 




THE FIRE BOAT "NEW YORKER." 



30 



NEW YORK. 




FROM THE BROOKLYN BRIDGE. 



Just beyond the Battery. Pier A, North River, is the headquarters 
the Harbor Police, with their fast steamers and patrol launches. 

Near the east end of the sea wall is the landing of the Liberty Stat 
ferry and of various summer excursion steamboats and others. The lit 
boat basin, to which steps lead down, is for the use of the Whitehall a 
Battery boatmen who furnish communication with the shipping in t 
harbor. The city provided this basin for the boatmen in recognition 
their heroic conduct at the time (July 30, 1871) when the Staten Isla: 
ferryboat Westfield blew up as she lay in her slip. Some of these B; 
tery boatmen hold records as life savers, having rescued numerous p< 
sons from drowning off the sea wall. 

The Battery affords an appropriate site for the statue of the famo 
marine engineer John Ericsson, which stands here. It is of bronze, 1 
size, by Hartley, and was erected by the city, as the legend tells us, " 
the memory of a citizen whose genius has contributed to the greatne 
of the Republic and to the progress of the world." John Ericsson (bo 
in Sweden, 1803, died New York, 1889) invented the screw or propel 
as applied to steam navigation in 1836-41. In 1.863 he designed t 
turreted ironclad "Monitor," which met the Confederate ram "Mer 
mac" in Hampton Roads, Va., March 9, 1863, and by its successful pi 
formance revolutionized naval warfare. The "Monitor" is represented 
one of the panels of the pedestal. 

The granite building at the east end of the Battery was designed f 



BATTERY PARK. 31 

a Revenue Barge Office, but is now used for the reception of immigrants. 
The scene here is often picturesque, with the throngs of newcomers, quaint 
of dress and unfamiliar in their ways. 

Near the high flagstaff in the Park a tablet marks the spot where stood 
the famous Revolutionary liberty pole. When the British evacuated the 
city in 17&3 they left their flag flying from this pole, which they had 
greased lo prevent climbing it. Bui an American soldier, David Van 
Vrsdale, achieved the feat, climbed the pole, tore down the British banner 



1 i 
_6\"~ * ■ 







CASTLE WILLIAMS. 

and raised the American flag in its place. From that time to this, an- 
nually at dawn "t" Evacuation Day, November -'5, -"me descendant of 
Van Arsdale has hoisted the colors here on the Batten staff. 

lh. Batter) took its name from a battery which was erected here in 
J693 111 anticipation of the coming of a French fleet, Greal Britain and 
France being then at war. The Park was a favorite promenade in 
colonial days. At thai period and long afterward the vicinity was the 
;" th< wealth and fashion of New York; and -lately homes fronted 
in Park mi the north. One "f these "Id h main-, No. 7 Stale 

now the Mission of Our Lady of the Rosary, for immigrant girls. 
Ju-i north of the Battery, at tin- beginning of Broadway, i- Bowling 
Green Easl of the Battery, ■'" 'he terminus "t' the elevated n>art-, is the 
.. whence boats ply to Brooklyn and Staten Island. It was 
ry and Staten Island that young Cornelius Vanderbill 
[afterward the Commodore) -ailed and rowed his ferry boat "Dread." 
W'e-i of th Battery at Pier 1, North River, are the Coney Island boats. 
rnor's [sland, which lies a thousand yards off the Battery, is Gov- 
ernment property, and is the headquarters of the Military Departmenl of 
the Atlantic. Its tree- and lawn add to the attractiveness of the harbor. 
The sunsel gun is fired from Castle William-. Other fortifications are the 
Antiquated Fort Columbus, in the center of the island, and the South 
ry. There arc officers' quarters, occupied by the Commanding Gen- 
eral and his staff, parade grounds, prison for military prisoners, ordnance 
and other usual features of a military establishment. Plans are 
under way to malce Governor's Island the chief military post of the country. 



Che Statue of Liberty. 

The Statue of Liberty Enlightening the World is on Bedloe's Island 
in the Upper Bay, i% miles from the Battery. It is reached by steam 
boat, which leaves the Battery hourly, on the hour, and returns on the half 
hour, from Q A. M. to 5 P. M. One may obtain a satisfactory view of tin 
exterior and return on the same boat, time from Battery and return three 
quarters of an hour ; if the ascent of the Statue is to be made, allow ai 
hour and three-quarters. 

The statue is the work of the eminent French sculptor, Auguste Bar 
tholdi, who in 1865 conceived the idea of a fitting memorial to be given b; 
the French people to the United States in commemoration of the long 
established good will between the two nations. Coming to America upoi 
this mission, Bartholdi was impressed by the eagerness with which th 
emigrants crowded to the rail to gaze upon the shores as the ship came u] 
the bay. and his artist's eye recognized in Bedloe's Island the ideal site fo 
the projected statue. Here, at the threshold of America, Liberty shouh 
meet the expectant gaze of the newcomers, and uplift her lighted tore] 
before them as an emblem of freedom and opportunity in the new world 
The situation was well chosen. The colossal figure is an imposing objec 
as seen not only from steamships coming up the harbor, but from ferryboa 
and bridge and rivers, and the encircling cities and hills and plains o 
New York and New Jersey. 

The statue is justly admired for its majestic proportions and the benevc 
lent calm of the countenance. It is said that Bartholdi modeled the figur 
from his mother. The tablet bears the date, "July 4, 1776." The statu 
consists of a shell of repousse copper (sheets of copper hammered int 
shape), riveted together and supported by an interior skeleton of iror 
which was designed by the French engineer, Eiffel, who built the Eiff( 
Tower. Provision is made for the expansion and contraction caused b 
variations of heat and cold; and an asbestos packing is employed to insu 
late the copper from the iron and prevent the corrosion which would othet 
wise be caused by the action of electricity induced by the salt air. Holdin 
her flaming torch 305 feet in air. Liberty is the greatest colossus in th 
world, and the pedestal rests securely upon a foundation which is 
monolith of concrete reputed to be the largest artificial single stone i 
existence. The dimensions are: 

Ft. In. Ft. In 

Height from base to torch 151 1 Right arm, greatest thickness... 12 

Foundation of pedestal to torch. 305 6 Thickness of waist 35 

Heel to top of head Ill 6 Width of mouth 3 

Length of hand 16 5 Tablet, length 23 7 

Index finger 8 Tablet, thickness 2 

Circumference at second joint... 7 6 Height of pedestal 89 

Size of finger nail 13xl0in. Square sides at base, each 62 

Head from chin to cranium 17 3 Square sides at top, each 40 

Head thickness from ear to ear.. 10 Grecian columns, above base 72 8 

Distance across the eye 2 6 Height of foundation 65 

Length of nose 4 6 Square sides at bottom 91 

Right arm, length 42 Square sides at top 66 7 

32 




THE STATUE OF LIBERTY. 
Photo copyright, 1909, by Irving Underhill. 



CDe Produce exchange. 

The Produce Exchange, on Whitehall street (near the lower end 
Broadway), occupies a building which is one of the notable architectui 
features of New York. The exterior is of brick and terra-cotta. of ri 
red tones; the decorations are the Arms of the States, the prows of shi 
and the heads of domestic cattle. The structure is of immense si; 
300 x 150 feet, and 116 feet in height, with a square tower rising 225 ft 
from the pavement. The foundation rests upon 15,037 New Engla 
spruce and pine piles driven down to bedrock and cut off below the lei 
of tide water. There are 2,000 windows, nearly 1,000 doors and 7^ aci 
of floor space. The elevators carry more than 27,000 passengers in a d; 
The clock face on the tower is 12 feet across. The flag is 50 x 20 fe 
The cost of ground and building was $3,178,645. 

The elevators convey visitors to the Visitors' Gallery overlooking t 
Exchange Room, an apartment 220 x 144 feet, and 60 feet in height 
the peak of the skylight. The floor space is, next to that of the Madis 
Square Garden, the largest in the city. It affords ample room for t 
3,000 members, and could accommodate as many more, 

The business done here is the wholesale buying and selling of produi 
Grain, flour, lard, provisions, petroleum, oil, naval stores, seeds, bulb 
cheese, hops, hay and straw are the principal articles dealt in. The volui 
of business exceeds a billion dollars a year. The long tables are for t 
display of samples, upon which many of the transactions are based; and 
the corner is the oval "Wheat Pit," where wheat is bought and sold. Bi 
letins announce the prices current in other trade centers, and give otb 
information. "While on the floor a 1 buyer may receive from Europe a cal 
order for a cargo of grain, flour or provisions, may purchase what 
ordered, charter a vessel for shipment, engage an elevator to load t 
grain, or a lighter to move provisions or flour, effect insurance, sell e 
change, cable back the fact of his purchases, and write and mail his letters 

The membership is limited to 3,000, and is full. The initiation fee 
$2,500. An arbitration committee of five members settles disputes betwe 
members without recourse to the law courts. 

Fkaunces' Tavern, on the southeast corner of Broad and Pearl stree 
contains on the second floor the famous "long room," in which Genei 
Washington took affecting leave of his officers and aides Dec. 4, ijl 
before proceeding to Congress to surrender his commission. The Tave 
was built in 1700. It was opened as a tavern by Samuel Fraunces 
1762. The building has been restored by the Sons of the Revolutic 
The first floor is still a tavern ; the second floor contains a display 
historical relics, opened Dec. 4, 1907. 

34 



Cbe Customs Rouse. 



In the new Custom House, fronting on Bowling Green, New Yorl 
possesses the largest and most beautiful custom house in the world. Th( 
building was designed by Cass Gilbert; it is of Maine granite, sever 
stories in height, and cost $4,500,000. It is embellished with a wealtl 
of exterior decoration, the motives of which are found in the work 
wide commerce of the United States, of which seventy-five per cent 
enters through the port of New York. Dolphin masks, rudders, tridents 
the caduceus of Mercury, the winged wheel, the conventionalized wave 
and other suggestions are of the sea and ships and transportation. A 
series of forty-four Corinthian columns surrounding the building arc 
crowned with capitals from which look out the head of Mercury, ancient 
god of commerce ; and in the keystones of the window arches are carved 
heads typical of the eight types of mankind — the Caucasian, with acces- 
sory of oak branches ; Hindu, lotus leaves ; Latin and Celt, grapes ; 
Mongol, poppy; Eskimo, fur hood; coureur de bois, pine cones; African 

Extending across the sixth floor of the Bowling Green fagade is a 
series of twelve statues carved from Tennessee marble. The figures are 
of heroic size and represent twelve sea-faring powers, ancient and modern, 
which have had part in the commerce of the globe. The subjects from 
left to right are: 

Greece (by F. E. Elwell) is typified by Pallas-Athene, with cuirass and 
shield. 

Rome (by F. E. Elwell) is a soldier of the Empire, bearing the mace, 
and crushing to his knees a barbarian captive. 

Phoenicia (by F. M. Ruckstuhl) with ancient oared galley. 

Genoa (by Augustus Lukeman) is represented by Columbus; the Great 
Discoverer is clad in armor, with two-handed sword, and at his feet 
crouches an open-jawed dragon, typifying the triumph of Columbus over 
ignorance, superstition and bigotry. 

Venice (by F. M. L. Tonetti) is represented by the Doge Mariano 
Falieri, in magnificently embroidered robe, and holding the prow of a 
gondola. 

Spain (by F. M. L. Tonetti) is represented by Isabella the Catholic, 
wearing the regal crown and royal robe on which are embroidered the 
castles and lions of Castile and Arragon, and the Collar of the Golden 
Fleece. Her right hand rests on a globe, the left on sculptured arms, 
with the little Santa Maria of Columbus's fleet. 

Holland (by Louis St. Gaudens) is represented by Admiral van Tromp, 
with characteristic broad-brimmed and plumed hat, heavy boots and long 
sword. 

Portugal (by Louis St. Gaudens) is represented by Prince Henry the 
Navigator, clad in mediaeval armor. 

Denmark (by Johannes Gelert) is a woman Viking carrying a board- 
ing pike. Other suggestions are rope and tackle. 

Germany (by Albert Jaegers) is a noble idealization of Germania. On 
her cuirass is the royal eagle, and her shield bears the name Kiel. 

France (by Charles Graby), wearing the liberty cap, holds a statue 
36 



& NEW YORK. 

to indicate pre-eminence in the fine arts, and a crowing cock proclaims 
the Frenchman's challenge to the world. 

England (by Charles Graby) is personified as Britannia with hand on 
steering wheel, and bearing a shield embossed with the image of St. 
George. 

On pedestals advanced from the building, to the right and left of the 
main entrance, are sculptured marble groups by Daniel Chester French, 
representing the four continents. Each is personified as a woman, and 
the allegory is an epitome of the development of the racial type. 

Asia holds the lotus flower and in her lap is a figure of the Buddha. 
Beneath her feet are the skulls of the victims of oppression. Her eyes 
are closed ; with passive countenance she is heedless of the prayers of 
the kneeling Hindu, the Chinese coolie, whose arms are bound, and the 
suppliant women bound by the injustice of the ages. A tiger glares into 
her face. Behind her shines the illuminating cross of the Christian 
religion. 

Africa, reclining against an Egyptian pillar, is seated between a lion 
and a sphinx. Her attitude is of drowsiness and hopelessness. 

Europe is seated on a throne carved with the emblems of achievement. 
The open book is of the mighty past, the globe is the sphere of empire, 
the ships' prows stand for daring exploration. 

America, seated on a stone covered with barbaric inscriptions, holds 
in one hand the lighted torch of progress; the other is extended pro- 
tectingly above a figure signifying labor. An Indian peers over her 
shoulder, the eagle is by her side, on her knees rest sheaves of grain. 
The attitude is alert, energetic, expectant. 

In the center of the attic of the Bowling Green front is a cartouche by 
Karl Bitter, displaying the shield of the United States, supported by two 
female figures and surmounted by an American eagle with outstretched 
wings. The sheathed sword typifies power and the security of peace; 
the bound bundle of reeds is emblematic of the strength of the States 
united. A female head is carved above the entrance arch by Alfano, 
and under the arch are the Arms of the City by the same sculptor. 

The Custom House occupies an historic site. Tn the reception room 
of the Collector's office a memorial inscription reads: 

"'On this site Fort Amsterdam was erected in 1626. Government House 
was built in T700 for President Washington. Here George Clinton and 
John Jay lived. Used as Custom House from 1733 to 1875." 



Bowling Green. 



The diminutive oval erf Bowling Green, at the fool of Broadway, is 
i st park, its story goes back to the beginning. When the 
Dutch came to Manhattan Island in [626, they built Fort Amsterdam, 
which stood where the new U. S. Custom House now stands, and the 
Green was the Plaine reserved as a drill ground in front of the fort. 
A hundred years later in [732 this was in British times — the plot was 
bj resolution of the Corporation leased "to some of the inhabitants 
of the said Broadway, in order to be enclosed to make a Bowling 
Green thereof, with walks therein, for the beauty and ornament of 
said street, as well as for the recreation and delight of the inhabitants 
of the city." Thus the park got its name, lint it has been the scene 
of more exciting events than the most warmly contested game of bowls. 
In 1705, on tin- evening of the day when the Stamp Act went into 
effect, the indignant citizens gathered here, and using the wooden fence 
of the Green for fuel, burned the Lieutenant Governor in effigy. When 
the act wa> repealed in [766, the people showed their rejoicing by 
bonfires here, ami afterward ordered from England an equestrian 
statue of King George III., which was set up in the center of the 
Bowling Green; and the park was inclosed with an iron fence, which 
had been imported from England at a cost ,,f £800. .Inly 9, 1776, after 
listening to the reading of the Declaration of Independence, the 
came down to the Green, threw the statue from its pedestal 

and dragged it through the Streets. Then, since it was leaden and 
represented much useful ammunition, it was shipped to Litchfield, 
Connecticut, where it was melted down and rim into bullets, i'.mmm 
of them, for Patriot use; and it is recorded that in subsequent engage- 
ments 400 British soldiers were killed with these bullets. 'Idle posts 
of the iron railings of the Green were ornamented with crowns, 
which were broken off that July night; ami thus mutilated the railing 
is h,re to day. The statue which now adorns the park IS of \braham 
de Peyster, an ancient worthy of Manhattan, of whom most of us 
would never have heard if he had not had a descendent, John Watts 
de Peyster, of the seventh generation in direct descent, to erect 
this monument in his memory. 

\i Bowling Green we are in the midst of one of the most important 
business (Miters of the city. To the south, occupying an entire 
square, is the new U. S. Custom Mouse. The Produce Exchange is 
just across the street, and on either side of Broadway tower the im- 
mense office buildings. Those on the right are the Welles and the 
Standard Oil; on the left the Washington, Bowling Green, Columbia, 
Aldrich Court and Empire. The Standard is the home of the Standard 
( hi Company. The Washington was built by Cyrus W. Field, founder 
of the Atlantic (able Company. The Bowling Green, of Byzantine 
architecture, should be visited for the magnificent marbles of its en- 
trance hall; at the further end of the hall a screen of stained glass 
quaintly pictures the old-time bowling on the green. 



Crinity €burcb. 



The chief architectural adornment of lower New York is the nobh 
Gothic pile of Trinity Church, set in its churchyard on Broadway at the 
head of Wall street. Its proportions have been dwarfed by the surround- 
ing office buildings, which tower above the spire, but the dignity and beauty 
of Trinity have in no wise been diminished; the contrast between its rest- 
ful repose and the turmoil of Broadway is as grateful to-day as ever; and 
the open gate still as persuasively invites us to turn aside for a moment 
within the twilight of its aisles, or to stroll amid the headstones where so 
many thousands are sleeping the long sleep. 

The church is the third of those which have stood here since 1697. The 
first one was burned in the great fire of 1776, which destroyed 500 buildings, 
and the second one, having become unsafe, was pulled down to make way 
for the present edifice, which was completed in 1846. It is of brown sand- 
stone, and is regarded as a fine specimen of the Gothic style. Thousands 
of visitors to New York have in years past climbed Trinity's steeple for the 
view, but the skyscrapers have changed that. The finial cross is 284 feet 
above the pavement, while the American Surety Building across Broadway 
is 306 feet, the Manhattan Life Building 348 feet, and the Empire Building 
300 feet. In the belfry is the famous chime of bells. On New Year's Eve 
thousands of people come down to Trinity to hear the chimes ring out the 
old year and welcome the new. 

The Bronze Doors which adorn the entrances were given by William 
Waldorf Astor as a memorial of his father, John Jacob Astor. Their cost 
was $40,000. The Central Door is by Carl Bitter. The subjects of the 
panels are drawn from the Bible : 

Genesis III. : 23-24— The Expulsion of Adam and Eve from the Garden. 

Genesis XXVIII.: 10-13 — Jacob's Dream of the Ladder ascending to 
Heaven. 

St. Luke I. : 28-38 — The Annunciation. 

St. Matthew XXVIII. : 1-8— The Resurrection. (The two Marys at the 
tomb.) 

Revelation IV.: 6, 10, 11 — The Vision of the Throne. 

Revelation VI. : 15, 16, 18 — The Opening of the Sixth Seal. 

In the borders and tympanum are statuettes of the Twelve Apostles. 

The North Door is by J. Massey Rhind. The subjects are: 

Exodus XII. : 23 — The Passover in Egypt. (A Hebrew is anointing the 
lintel and door post with blood that his first born may be spared.) 

Deuteronomy XIX. : 1-6 — The City of Refuge (to the gate of which a 
fugitive from vengeance has just come). 

Acts III.: 1, 2 — The miraculous cure by St. Peter and St. John of the 
man lame from his birth. 

Acts XVI. : 25-28 — Paul and Silas leaving the prison after the earth- 
quake. 

Domine quo vadis — The legend, as told in a sermon attributed to St. 
/ \mbrose, is that as St. Peter was fleeing from Rome to escape persecu- 




TRINITY CHURCH. 



42 NEW YORK. 

tion, he met his Master going into the city; and to the Apostle's Domine 
quo vadis — "Lord, whither goest Thou?" the answer was given, "I go to 
Rome to be crucified again." 

Revelation XXII. : 14 — The blessed "enter in through the gate into 
the city." 

The South Door is by Charles H. Niehaus. The subiects are historical : 
Hendrik Hudson off Manhattan Island, Sept. 11, 1609. 
Dr. Barclay Preaching to Indians, 1738. Barclay was one of the 
early missionaries supported by Trinity. 

Washington at St. Paul's Chapel after his Inauguration, April 30, 1789. 
Consecration of Four Bishops in St. Paul's Chapel, Oct. 31, 1832. 
Consecration of Trinity Church, May 21, 1846. 
Dedication of the Astor Reredos. June 29, 1877. 

The interior is of impressive size. Rows of sculptured stone columns 
support the groined roof; the light comes in subdued and warmed by the 
stained glass windows, and tbe chancel is magnificent with the superb altar 
and reredos which were given by John Jacob Astor and William Astor in 
memory of their father, William B. Astor. The altar is of pure white 
marble; its face is divided by shafts of red stone into three panels; in the 
center panel is a Maltese cross in mosaic set with cameos, with a Christ 
head, and the symbols of the Evangelists. The reredos is of Caen stone 
and alabaster. The three panels on each side and the large one in the 
center contain sculptures of scenes in the life of Christ ; and above are 
statuettes of the Twelve Apostles. The reredos is 20 feet high, and fills 
almost the entire width of the chancel. Its cost was $100,000. 

Trinity Churchyard. — There was a graveyard here (the site was then 
beyond the city limits) before the first church was built in 1697. The 
oldest grave that can be identified is in the northern section on the left 
of the first path; it is that of a little child. Richard Churcher, "who 
died . the 5 of . April 1681 . of . age . 5 years and . 5 . months" ; and 
whose name, engraved on the sandstone slab, has endured through the 
centuries with an immortality singularly in contrast with the brief span of 
his child life. 

Near the porch on the north side of the church is the grave of William 
Bradford, Printer, who printed the first newspaper in New York — the New 
York Gazette in 1725. He died in 1752, aged ninety-two years. The stone 
bears the injunction: 

Reader, reflect how soon you II quit this Stage; 
Yon'll find but few attain to such an Age. 
Life's full of Pain Lo ! Here's a place of Rest, 
Prepare to meet your GOD, then you are blest. 

Following the path to the right, we come to a slab, lying flat in thr 
turf, inscribed with the name of Charlotte Temple. But Charlotte Temple 
was a creation of fiction, the heroine of Mrs. Rowson's "Charlotte Temple: 
A Tale of Truth," written in 1790. The story was of an English school 
girl, who eloped with her lover, a British officer; came to New York; was 
betrayed and deserted, and died of a broken heart. The pathetic tale took 




THE TRINITY BUILDING. 
Photo copyright, 1906, by Irving Underbill. 



44 NEW YORK. 

strong hold upon the tender sympathies of the maids and matrons of that 
day, and has had vogue among readers of "Tales of Truth" ever since. By 
many Mrs. Rowson's heroine has been accepted as a real person. It was 
no wonder, then, that when, in the 40s, one of the stonecutters employed in 
the erection of the church carved on this slab the name of Charlotte 
Temple, the imitation tombstone laid here above the imaginary grave of 
a fictitious character in due time became a shrine of sentimental pilgrimage. 
Countless flowers have been laid upon "the grave of Charlotte Temple ;" 
we may find such tributes here to-day. 

The Richard Churcher headstone is directly across the path from here ; 
on the back of the stone is carved the emblem of a winged hour-glass with 
skull and cross-bones. A few steps beyond, on the left, is the curious 
tombstone of Sidney Breese, merchant and officer in the British army, who 
died in 1767. The epitaph runs : 

Sidney Breese June 9 1767 
Made by himself 
Ha Sidney Sidney 
Lycst thou here 

I here Lye 
Till time is flown 

To its Eternity 

Tn the northern part of the ground near Broadway stands the handsome 
Gothic memorial commonly called the Martyrs' Monument: 

Sacred to the Memory of those brave and good Men, who died whilst im- 
prisoned in this City, for their devotion to the cause of American Independence. 

During the Revolution, the regular jails of the city not sufficing to contain 
the American prisoners, churches and sugar houses were converted into 
prisons. Crowded into these, the patriot prisoners were subjected by 
their British jailers to such cruelties and privations that thousands died of 
disease and starvation; and day by day the dead were carried out and 
thrown into trenches. Tradition has it that many were so buried here; and 
the monument was erected at a time when the city proposed to cut a street 
through the churchyard at this point. 

On the left, as we enter at the lower Broadway gate, is the monument. 
"In memory of Captain James Lawrence, of the United States Navy, who 
fell on the 1st day of June, 1813, in the 32d year of his age, in the action 
between the frigates Chesapeake and Shannon." The tribute on the 
pedestal reads: 

The heroick commander of the frigate Chesapeake, whose remains are here 
deposited, expressed with his expiring breath his devotion to his country. 
Neither the fury of battle, the anguish of a mortal wound, nor the horrors of 
approaching death could subdue his gallant spirit. His dying words were, 
"DON'T GIVE UP THE SHIP." 

The wife of Captain Lawrence, who survived her husband for more than 
fifty years, lies beside him. Just beyond is the bronze statue of Judge John 
Watts, who was Recorder of the City in Colonial days. 



TRINITY CHURCHYARD. 45 

Alexander Hamilton's tomb is marked by the conspicuous white marble 
monument in the south grounds near the Rector street railing. On the 
pedestal is inscribed : 

To the memory of Alexander Hamilton the Corporation of Trinity Church has 
erected this monument in testimony of their respect for the Patriot of Incorrupt- 
ible Integrity, the Soldier of Approved Valour, the Statesman of Consummate 
Wisdom, whose talents and virtues will be admired by grateful posterity long 
after this marble shall have mouldered : nto dust. He died July 12, 1804, 
aged 47. 

Here too is the grave of his wife, who died in 1854, after a widowhood of 
fifty years. 

But we cannot begin to catalogue the names of the distinguished dead 
who repose here— Livingston and Lewis, signers of the Declaration of 
Independence ; Albert Gallatin, who succeeded Hamilton as Secretary of the 
Treasury; Robert Fulton, inventor of the steamboat; General Philip 
Kearney, hern of Chantilly, whose death evoked Boker's noble "Dirge for a 
Soldier," beginning: 

Close his eyes; his work is done! 

What to him is friend <>r foeman, 
Rise of moon, or set of sun. 

Hand of man or kiss of woman? 

If we were to tell them all. whose monuments and headstones are legible 
to-day, there would yet remain the host whose names have been eaten from 
the stones by the tooth of time, and the yet greater host whose resting places 
are unmarked and whose names are unknown. Trinity's dead number 
many tens of thousands. 

From various points in the churchyard we get glimpses through the 
trees of the great office buildings on Broadway, chief among them the 
American Surety Building, with its gilded cornice shining against the 
blue of the sky. On the south the stupendous fagade of the Empire 
Building extends from Broadway to Church street; on the west is the 
United States Express Company's Building, and on the other side of 
Broadwaj are the Manhattan Life and the Union Trust. On the north 
rises the twenty-one-story Trinity Building, its facade stretching from 
Broadway to Church street and rising 280 feet in the air. 

The statues of the Evangelists, above the doors on the north and south, 
wire presented by William Fitzhugh Whitehouse. 

Trinity Church, established in 1697, is the richest church society in 
America. From its income of $775,000 a year it supports the parent 
church and eighl chapels (St. Paul's among them), contributes regularly 
to twenty-four congregations, and maintains schools, a dispensary, a 
hospital and a long list of charitable enterprises. The two plots of real 
estate occupied by Trinity and St. Paul's would bring a fabulous price 



Ulan Street 



Wall street took its name from the wall which once defended New 
Amsterdam at this point.* The wall outlived its usefulness and disap- 
peared 200 years ago, but the name it gave to the street which ran beside 
it has become the most famous street name in the world. 

Wall Street the place is the financial center of the country. Wall Street 
the name is synonymous with securities, stocks, bonds and shares, trust 
certificates, goid, money, investment, speculation, fortune, ruin. We shall 
find here a succession of imposing bank and office buildings whose archi- 
tectural effect is of solidity, strength and durability — qualities which have 
their ultimate expression in the massive constructions of the Sub-Treasury 
and the Custom House. Facing the street and filling the vista on Broad- 
way, stands Trinity Church, its melodious belfry chiming the hours of the 
Wall Street day. The sidewalks and the street itself are crowded with 
alert, intent, hurrying, jostling throngs of bankers, brokers, lawyers, clerks, 
expressmen, messenger boys, ubiquitous here as everywhere throughout the 
city ; and now and then, if we recognize him. a detective. 

A few steps from Broadway, New street opens to the south in a veri- 
table Rocky Mountain canon between towering cliffs. A few doors below 
is the 

New York Stock Exchange, the greatest market of stocks, bonds, and 
other securities in the world. The exchange has 1,100 members; seats 
have sold as high as $05,000 Admission to the visitors' gallery is by 
card from a member. The chief external feature of the million-dollar 
building is the Broad street faqade. 

The Consolidated Exchange occupies a monumental building at the 
corner of Broad and Beaver streets. The Curb Market of the "curb- 
stone brokers" is in Broad street in front of the Mills Building. It is a 
meeting place for trading in stocks, Standard Oil among them, which are 
not dealt in on the regular exchanges. 

On the northwest corner of Wall and Nassau towers the magnificent 
building of the Bankers' Trust Company. This is distinguished by mas- 
siveness of construction and the elegance of the interior; and is further 
notable as an example of that astonishing system of tearing down and 
building up, which is characteristic of the development of the city. The 
Bankers' Trust building here occupies the site of the Gillender build- 
ing, a twenty-story structure which was in its day one of the archi- 

*The wall was built by command of Gov. Peter Stuyvesant in lt>53. The palisades, 
or stockade, extended along the East River, from near the present head of Coenties 
Slip, on the north line of Pearl Street, crossing the fields to the North River, on 
the present north side of Wall Street fwhence its name), and then along the North 
River to the fort, just east of Greenwich Street, which was then under water. In 
digging the foundation of the new Bowling Green offices, 5-il Broadway, a large 
number of these old posts were found many feet under the surface. Although nearly 
250 years old, the portions found were in a wonderful state of preservation. Canes and 
other mementoes have been made from these.— Spencer Trask in Historic New York. 




WALL STREET. 



tectural marvels <>f the town, and which was in i < >i t demolished to make 
way for the presenl building. Opposite is the 

United Staies Si b i eu vsi ry, a branch of the Treasury at Washing- 
ton, and second in importance only to the parenl institution. Two thirds 
of the direcl monej dealings of the Treasury arc transacted through the 
New York branch. The vaults contain immense deposits of coin; the 
sum stored here has reached $225,000,000 at one time. (Nol open to in- 
spection.) The building occupies the site where stood in Colonial times 
Hall ami the Capitol of the Province, which afterward became- 
Federal Hall, in which assembled the firsl Congress. The furniture used 
then i^ preserved in the City Hall. In fronl of the Wall street portico 
stands Ward's statue of Washington, erected under the auspices of the 
Chamber of Commerce, and unveiled Nov 26, [883, the centennial anni- 
versary of Evacuation May The bronze Washington stands when 
the living Washington when he took the oath. Jusl inside the Treasury 
preserved under glass a brown-stone slab inscribed: "Standing 
on this stone, in the balcony of Federal Hall, April 30th, 1789, George 
Washington took the oath as the first President of the United States of 
America." 



4S 



NEW YORK. 




THE NEW YORK STOCK 



EXCHANGE— THE BROAD STREET FAgADE. 



Of the statuary on the pediment, the central figure, of a woman in flowing robes 
represents "Integrity, the Bulwark of Sound Finance." The two groups to the 
right represent "Primitive Agriculture and the Products of the Soil," and "Mining " 
1 he two groups to the left represent "Motive Power, Scientific and Mechanical 
Appliances, ' and "The Designer and the Mechanic." 



Ihe work of constructing the massive building "extended over a 
period of about ten years. Solidity and impenetrability seem to have 
been the basic principles upon which it was built. From foundation to 



WALL STREET. 



49 



roof it is an ingeniously welded mass of stone and iron. Its essential 
parts do not include a stick of timber. The building stands on solid 
rock, and its roof is <>t" stone. Its walls are from three to five feet 
thick, with windows iron-barred ami protected by steel shutters. Be- 
neath the main floor, which is of solid masonry, there are a basement 
twelve i'eet high and a sub-basemenl aboul ^i\ feel in height. This 
sub-basement is a perfect catacomb "i heavy brick arches resting on 
solid reck. I'm- all purposes of defense the Sub-Treasury is a fort- 
ress. Housed within its almosl impregnable walls too men could 
resist the assaults of armed thousands a- long as the provisions held 
out. In the upper part of the building there is an arsenal which con- 
tains an adequate equipment for at least 100 men. There are three 
Gatling ^in\ stacks of rifles, cabinets of huge navy revolvers, and, 
moreover, a magazine full of deadly hand-grenades, lor the effective 




WASHINGTON ON THE SUB-TREASURY STEPS. 



.so 



NEW YORK. 




THE UNITED STATES SUI'.-TK I'.ASU K V. 



use of these weapons provision lias also been made. Each one of the 
steel shutters at the doors and windows contains loopholes through 
which shots may lie fired, and on the roof are three bullet-proof tur- 
rets, ten feet high, from which riflemen could in safety shower cold 
lead down upon a mob. As an additional safeguard, the ceilings of 
the stone porches at the two ends of the building are perforated, and 
from these points of vantage, inaccessible from the streets, the de- 
fenders of the building would be able to drop explosives upon the 
heads of any foolhardy assailants who might try to batter down the 
doors." — New York Times. 

Adjoining the Sub-Treasury is the United States Assay Office, a 
branch of the Mint. The squat and dingy building which stood here 
so long has been supplanted by a modern structure. Here are great 
refining furnaces, where $50,000,000 worth of the precious metals are 
melted in a year; hydraulic press, with a pressure of 200 tons to the 
square foot, which compresses the refined gold into $20,000 cheeses; 
delicate scales, which register weights ranging from a thousand 
pounds to a single hair from one's head, and piles of gold bricks. 



WALL STREET. 51 

Further down the street, on the opposite side, is seen the National 
City Bank Building, with its double tier of immense granite columns. 
This is the old Custom House, which was built at a cost of $1,800,000. 
No longer serving for the growing volume of the customs business, it 
was sold by the Government for $3,500,000. 

The streets which arc near Wall street and open out from it — Cedar, 
Pine, Broad, Nassau, William, Exchange Place and lower Broadway 
arc in all essentials a pari of it. I he term "Wall Street" as meaning a 
financial center includes them all. Though we cuter the Stuck Ex- 
change from Wall street, the Exchange fronts on Broad street. Oppo- 
site the Sub-Treasury at the corner of Broad ami Wall is the white 
marble Drexel Building, with the offices of J. I'. Morgan & Co. Next 
to it on Broad street is the Mills Building. South rises the twenty- 
story Broad Exchange, which cost $7,500,000, and in lloor space is 
one of the largesl office buildings in the world. Notable structures on 
the west of the street are the twentj one story Commercial Cable 
with it- twin domes, the fifteen st< »ry Johnston and the Edison, deserv- 
ing of attention for the richness and dignitj of 11- facade. Turn which 
way we may from Wall street, we shall find ourselves in a maze ol 
deep and narrow canons, for here we are 111 the heart of New York's 
high buildings. 

The Clearing House, on Cedar streef mar Broadway occupies a 
building which is one of the handsomest in New York. In design and 
adornment, the white marble structure is in tit keeping with the dig- 
nity and importance of an institution whose daily transaction- are 
regarded as a barometer of the financial condition of the country. The 
cost was $1,100,000. Visitors arc not admitted. 

The Clearing House Association comprises int> three banks (these 
representing also numerous others), which meet here to settle their 
account- with one another. I n the course of it- business, each one ol 
the fifty three hank-, receives checks and drafts drawn against some or 
all of the fifty-two others. Instead of each one sending to colled 

these check- from the fifty two others, all the hanks come together 

in the Clearing House and turn in the check-, drawn on each. After a 
system of exchange, a balance 1- -truck and the sum is ascertained 
which each hank nm-t pay in or which must be paid to it to clear its 
account. By this system of paying differences it is practicable to 

Settle enormous account- in a way extremely simple and expeditious 
and involving the actual payment of amount- which are compara- 
tively small. Thus for a certain year the average daily clearings (i.e., 
the sum of the checks presented by all the banks) was $189,961,029, 
while the average daily balances, paid in cash, were $10,218,448, or 
5 , per cent. 

The clerk- representing the hank- meet in the < learing House at 10 
o'clock, and tin balances are ascertained by 12:30. A hank which is a 
debtor to the Clearing House must pay its balance by 1:30 of the same 
day, either in cash or Clearing House certificates. Hanks which are 
creditor- receive checks for the balance due them the same day. 



52 



NEW YORK. 



The largest daily transaction on record was the enormous total of 
$622,410,525.56, following the Northern Pacific corner. 

The Chamber of Commerce is a massive pile of white marble,, in the 
Renaissance style, with decorations in bronze. Between the columns are 
statues of Alexander Hamilton by Martini, De Witt Clinton by French, 
and John Jay by Bitter, and above the entrance are groups symbolical 
of Commerce. The vestibule admits to a monumental hall and broad 
stairway of Caen stone. Admission is by card of a member. The Cham- 
ber is a magnificent apartment ninety feet long, sixty feet in width and 
thirty feet high. It is lighted through an enormous skylight in the 
ceiling; and the walls, unbroken to a height of twenty feet, are hung 



^V 




THE NEW YORK CLEARING HOUSE. 



WALL STREET. 




THE CHAMBER OF 

From photo copyright 



IM MERCK — LIBERTY STREET, 
by James 13. Baker, An ht. 



with the Chamber's large collection of portraits of New York merchants. 
The Chamber of Commerce, organized in 1768, is an association of 
merchants which concerns itself with questions affecting domestic and 
foreign commerce, the welfare of the city and national interests. It lias 
had large influence in the development of the port of New York and the 
city's growth and commercial expansion. The annual dinner given by the 
Chamber of Commerce is an occasion of discussion of public questions. 



$t. Paul's Chapel. 



St. Paul's Chapel is on Broadway between Vesey and Fulton streets, 
just below the City Hall Park and the Post Office. Curiously enough, the 
Broadway end of the building is the rear, for the church was built fronting 
on the river; and in the old days a pleasant lawn sloped down to the 
water's edge, which was then on the line of Greenwich street. One effect 
of St. Paul's thus looking away from Broadway is to give us at the portal 
an increased sense of remoteness from the great thoroughfare and of isola- 
tion from its strenuous life, so that all the more readily we yield to the 
pervading spell of the churchyard's peaceful calm. 

St. Paul's is a cherished relic of Colonial days. Built in 1766 as a 
chapel of Trinity Parish, it is the only church edifice which has been 
preserved from the pre-Revolutionary period. After the burning of 
Trinity in 1776, St. Paul's became the parish church; here worshiped 
Lord Howe and Major Andre and the English midshipman who was 
afterward King George IV. After his inauguration at Federal Hall in 
Wall street. President Washington and both houses of Congress came in 
solemn procession to St. Paul's, where service was conducted by Bishop 
Provoost, Chaplain of the Senate, and a Te Dcum was sung. Thereafter, 
so long as New York remained the Capital, the President was a regular 
attendant here; his diary for Sunday after Sunday contains the entry: 
"Went to St. Paul's Chapel in the forenoon." Washington's Pew re- 
mains to-day as it was then ; it is midway of the church on the left aisle, 
and is marked by the Arms of the United States on the wall. Across the 
church is the pew which was reserved for the Governor of the State, and 
was occupied by Governor Clinton ; above it are the State Arms. The 
pulpit canopy is ornamented with the gilded crest of the Prince of Wales, 
a crown surmounted by three ostrich feathers. It is the only emblem of 
royalty that escaped destruction at the hands of the Patriots when they 
came into possession of the city in 1783. 

In the wall of the Broadway portico, where it is seen from the street and 
13 observed by innumerable eyes daily, is the Montgomery Monument, 
in memory of Major-General Richard Montgomery, of Revolutionary 
fame. It consists of a mural tablet bearing an urn upon a pedestal sup- 
ported by military accoutrements. General Montgomery commanded the 
expedition against Canada in 1775, and on Dec. 31 of that year, in com- 
pany with Colonel Benedict Arnold, led the assault upon Quebec. Just 
after the exclamation, "Men of New York, you will follow where your 
General leads!" he fell, mortally wounded. Aaron Burr bore his body 
from the field, and the Englishmen gave it soldier's burial in the city. 
Forty-three years later, in 1818. Canada surrendered the remains to the 
United States. 

-The monumert had been ordered by Congress as early as 1776. It was 
bought by Benjamin Franklin in Paris, and was shipped to America on a 
Qrivateer. A British gunboat captured the privateer, and in turn was taken 

54 




ST. PAUL'S CHAPEL AND CHURCHYARD. 



5 o NEW YORK. 

by an American vessel, and so at last the monument reached its destina- 
tion. The inscriptions read : 

This Monument is erected by order of CONGRESS, 25th Janry, 1776, lo 
transmit to Posterity a grateful remembrance of the patriotic conduct, enterprise 
and perseverance of MAJOR GENERAL RICHARD MONTGOMERY, who 
after a series of successes amidst the most discouraging Difficulties Fell in the 
attack on QUEBEC 31st Decbr, 1775. Aged 37 years. 

The State of New York caused the remains of Majr. Genl. Richard Mont- 
gomery to be conveyed from Quabecand deposited beneath this monument the 
8tn day of July, 1818. 

At that time Mrs. Montgomery, in the forty-third year of her widow- 
hood, was living near Tarrytown on the Hudson. Governor Clinton had 
told her of the day when the steamboat Richmond bearing her husband's 
remains would pass down the river ; and sitting alone on the piazza of her 
house, she watched for its coming. With what amotions she saw the 
pageant is told in a letter written to her niece : 

"At length they came by wuh all that remained of a beloved husband, 
who left me in the bloom of manhood, a perfect being. Alas ! how did 
he return? However gratifying to my heart, yet to my feelings every pang 
I felt was renewed. The pomp with which it was conducted added to my 
woe; when the steamboat passed with slow and solemn movement, stopping 
before my house, the troops under arms, the Dead March from the muffled 
drums, the mournful music, the splendid coffin canopied with crepe and 
crowned with plumes, you may conceive my anguish. I cannot describe it." 

The most conspicuous monuments in the churchyard near Broadway are 
those of Thomas Addis Emmett and Dr. William J. MacNevin both of 
whom participated in the Irish rebellion of 1798, came lo New York and 
achieved distinction, Emmett at the bar and MacNevin in medicine. The 
inscriptions are in English, Celtic and Latin. West of the church is die 
nrn with flames issuing from it, which marks the resting place of George 
Frederick Cooke, the distinguished tragedian; born in England 1756; 
died in New York 1812. The monument was erected in 1821 by the great 
English actor, Edmund Kean, and has been the subject of pious care by 
Charles Kean, who restored it in 1846, Edward A. Sothern in 1874 an:' 
Edwin Booth in 1890 The epitaph is by Fitz-Greene Halleck: 

Three Kingdoms claim his birth, 

Botn hemispheres pronounce his wonh. 

In the high building which looks down upon St. Paul's Churchyard 
from the south is the home of the Evening Mail ; and across the church- 
yard on Vesey street is the Evening fast. The twenty-five-story St. 
Paul Building occupies the site of the old Herald Building, and before 
that of Barnum's Museum. The Park Bank, adjoining, is one of the 
largest banks in the country. On the north is the Astor House, which 
was built in 1836 by the original John Jacob Astor. It was the Waldorf- 
Astoria of the day, the pride of the city and the admiration of visitors, 
and for more than fifty years held place as the most famous hotel in the 
country. It is one of the landmarks of old New York. 




BROADWAY LOOKING SOUTH FROM CITY HALT- PARK. 



■~*m 




City Ball Park. 



THERE arc some of us to whom this little park is very dear; it is our 
bit of nature- not the real country, but a symbol of it. which, as we see 
it from day to day, tells us in miniature of the pageant of the seasons. 
We watch the tender green of its grass in the spring, and note the 
swelling buds and the unfolding leaves, and when the robin and the 
oriole stop here on their northward migration we know that the birds 
arc nesting in the orchards and the village elms. When the crumpled 
leaves strew the lawns we see in fancy the painted panorama oi the 
autumn hills; and in winter the diminutive expanses of snow are magni- 
fied into illimitable fields shrouded in white and still in the moonlight. 
I his is the City Hall Park of suggestion. 

The actual City Hall Park is the center and head of the official life 
of Xew York. 1 1 ere arc the municipal and county buildings; the City Hall, 
with the offices of Mayor. Marshal and Sheriff, the halls of the Council 
and Assembly; and here are the cants with judges, jurors, lawyers and 
litigants. Here congregate the politicians, sleek, rotund, silk-hatted. 
Here to the Mayor's office come the Italians to be married, hundreds of 
couples every year. The park is the stamping ground- theirs from time 
immemorial— of the newsboy and the bootblack, and lure, too, we shall 

meet the gentleman who requests us to lend him two cents to get a 
night's lodging. 

(in the west Broadway rolls its ceaseless course; on the east is Park 
Row; on the north runs Chambers street, and on the south the Pos1 
Office occupies a site which was taken for it from the original Park 
area. Looming up above the Post Office rises the tremendous bulk of 
the Park Row Building. Fronting the park on the east is th< 
Building; adjoining is No. 39 Park Row; above and beyond it the 
American Tract Society Building, with a r« -taurant on the twenty-third 
floor, giving -rand views from the windows. To the north is the home 
of tin- Tribune, founded by Horace Greeley; Ward's bronze statue of 
Greeley stands in front of the publication office. Adjoining the Tribune 
the Sun "shines for all" from the building which was, in i8ll, the first 
Tammany Hall. High above its contemporaries, the World occupies 
offices in the dome of tlie Pulitzer Building. The Brooklyn Bridge here 
interrupts the succession of Newspaper Row, hut we may see beyond it 
the German Hcrold, with the herald sounding his trumpet on the roof. 

The open space upon which the Tribune fronts is Printing House 
Square. Over it presides Benjamin Franklin, the patron saint of Printer- 
dom. The bronze statue is by Plassman. 



59 



60 NEW YORK. 

The scene in Printing House Square is characteristic of a newspaper 
center. Crowds gather about the bulletin boards ; great rolls of paper are 
unloading for the cylinder presses; yellow delivery wagons are scurrying 
away with yellower extras, and newsboys and newswomen obstruct the 
sidewalk and assail us with their shrill but not unmusical cries. If we 
cross over to Frankfort street, between the Sun and World, in the late 
afternoon, we shall see, in the clamorous swarms of newsboys awaiting 
their papers, one of the sights of New York — -one wonders where they 
all come from and where they all go to after they have passed beyond the 
newsboy stage. But the great spectacle of Printing House Square comes 
only once in four years. It is the scene of election night, when Square and 
Park are one surging mass of humanity gathered to read the returns dis- 
played on newspaper office transparencies ; to shout and hurrah with delight 
or groan and hoot in disgust as another county is heard from ; to be enter- 
tained meanwhile by the newspaper brass bands and to entertain themselves 
with a thousand hideous, braying horns. It is a typical New York crowd, 
which means a good-natured crowd, an orderly crowd and a crowd of which 
it is good to be a part. 

Southwest of the Park, on Broadway, opposite the Post Office, is the 
Woolworth Building, its tower rising to a height of 750 feet above the 
sidewalk — the highest inhabited building in the world. West is the Postal 
Telegraph Building, and next to it is that of the Home Life, whose white 
marble front is one of the most beautiful in town. Beyond on the corner 
of Chambers street rise the square towers of the Shoe and Leather Bank. 
Beside it is the new Chemical Bank, with its deposits of over $25,000,000, 
and its shares of capital stock, which, with a par value of $100, sell for 
more than $4,000. On the upper side of Chambers street is the seventeen- 
story Broadway Chambers. The white marble office building opposite was 
formerly the wholesale store of A. T. Stewart, built on the site of an 
old negro graveyard. Rising above it is the handsome Dun Building; 
back of it is the Emigrant Industrial Savings Bank, and east is the 
tremendous bulk of the new Municipal Building. 

The special architectural feature of the Park in which New Yorkers 
take just pride is the Citv Hall, much admired by architects for the 
well-balanced and symmetrical design and the purity of its classic details. 
It was completed in 1812. The Goddess of Justice, holding her even scales 
on the cupola, is not so ancient as that; the statue is the successor of 
the original one which was burned when the Hall caught fire from the 
fireworks during the great celebration of the laying of the Atlantic 
Cable in August, 1858. The Hall is built of white marble, but the rear 
wall is of freestone, for the builders of that day imagined that the city 
would never go beyond this. To-day the city limits are sixteen miles 
north The Mayor's room is on the first floor. Under one of its windows 
on the outside is a tablet recording: "Near this spot in the presence of 




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• «I30E. JT. P*UL 1UILDIN0. 

LOOKING UP PARK ROW. 



62 NEW YORK. 

General George Washington the Declaration of Independence was read 
and published to the American Army, July 9th, 1776." 

The halls of the Council and Assembly are on the second floor, and may 
be visited. The Governor's Room, originally intended for the use of the 
Governor of the State, is on the second floor. Across the hall from it is a 
statue of Thomas Jefferson, by David d' Angers, a replica of the one in the 
Capitol at Washington. The Governor's Room, which is open to the 
public from 10 to 4 daily (Saturday to noon), contains Trumbull's full- 
length equestrian portrait of General Washington, and a series of portraits 
of New York's Governors and other worthies. That of Governor Dix, by 
Anna M. Lea, represents him as author of the historic dispatch sent by 
him as Secretary of the Treasury to Win. Hemphill Jones in New Orleans, 
Jan. 29, 1861 : "If any one attempts to haul down the American flag, shoot 
him on the spot." An easel bears a portrait of Washington woven in silk 
in Lyons, France, at a cost of $10,000. Here, too, are preserved the desk 
and table used by President Washington during his first term. The table 
is inscribed in letters of gold : "Washington' writing table, 1789." The 
fine old mahogany furniture is that which was used by the first Congress 
of the United States in Federal Hall, in Wall street. 

A mammoth punch bowl, presented to the city by General Jacob Mor- 
ton, and bearing the exhortation, "Drink deep ! You will preserve the city 
and encourage canals," commemorates the celebration of the opening of 
the Erie Canal. On that occasion. Nov. 4. 1825, Mr. Chas. H. Haswell tells 
us. "The city fairly 'broke loose' with every possible official and popular 
rejoicing. At the City Hail fifteen thousand fire balls were ignited and 
projected." 

The City Hall has been the scene of many festal celebrations and of 
solemnities as well. Here in April of 1865 the martyred Lincoln lay in state 
to receive a tribute of affection and sorrow from a half-million people ; and 
here in 1885, for a day and a night, the unbroken lines passed reverently 
by the bier of Grant. Here in 1881 rested the body of the explorer, De 
Long, rescued from the desolation of the Arctic wastes; and hither, in 1882, 
from the ship which had brought him from the alien soil of Tunis, they 
bore the remains of John Howard Payne, to the measured strains of his 
own "Home, Sweet Home." 

Back of the City Hall is the County Court House, which was built 
during the Tweed regime, and cost $12,000,000. The bill for the plastering 
was $3,000,000. and for the furniture $1000,000. It is a very rich and 
beautiful specimen of Corinthian architecture, particularly the handsome 
portico on Chambers street, but it would be built for much less money 
now. The walk between the City Hall and the Court House is called 
"Hand-Shaking Alley," so many politicians meet and greet one another 
here. The dingy little building east of the Court House was formerly 
the Criminal Court, where tens of thousands have awaited the verdict 
that was to set them free or send them to prison. 

Across Chambers street is the new $6,000,000 Hall of Records, in 
which provision is made for the safe keeping of the deeds of all the rea' 
estate of Manhattan Island. The building is one of a group which will in 
the future provide for the city a scries of municipal buildings worthy of 
the Metropolis. The exterior sculptures of the Hall by Bush-Brown and 



Macm 

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United 
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CITY HALL PARK. 



63 




NATHAN HALE. 



Macmonnies, include figures of Commerce, Industry, Navigation, History, 
Poetry, Inscription, Preservation, Law, Maternity and Heritage; groups 
of the races-Indian, Dutch, English, and Huguenot— which have had 
Part in the city's past; and statues of twenty-four men prominent in its 
development. 

In the southwest corner of the Park, near Broadway, stand-, the .Mac- 
monnies bronze statue erected by the Society of the Sons of the Revolu- 
tion in memory of Nathan Hale, a Captain of the Regular Army of the 
United States of America, who gave his life for his Country in the City 
of New York, Sept. 22, 1776. 

In 1776, when the American troops had evacuated New York and were 



*4 



NEW YORK. 



encamped on Harlem Heights, Captain Hale volunteered to enter the 
British lines on Long Island and secure for General Washington informa- 
tion as to the strength and disposition of the enemy's forces. He was 
arrested, without trial sentenced to death as a spy, denied the presence 
of a clergyman or the use of a Bible in his last hours, and the letter lit had 
written to his mother and sisters was destroyed before his face by his 
executioner. In all the annals of American history it would be difficult to 
find a more exalted sentiment of patriotism than his dying words, set here 
in letters of enduring bronze for Broadway's passing throng to read : 

" I regret that I have but one life to lose for my country." 

The Park has always been a common. A bronze tablet in the corridor 
of the Post Office, erected by the Mary Washington Colonial Chapter of 
the Daughters of the American Revolution, records that "On the common 
of the City of New York, near where this building now stands, there 
stood from 1766 to 1776 a liberty pole erected to commemorate the repeal 
of the Stamp Act. It was repeatedly destroyed by the violence of the 
Tories, and as repeatedly replaced by the Sons of Liberty, who organized 
a constant watch and guard. In its defense the first martyr blood of the 
American Revolution was shed on Jan. 18. 1770." 

There are two Subway stations in the Park, the City Hall Station and 
the Brooklyn Bridge Station, which is the largest on the line. A tablet 
in the pavement in front of the City Hall commemorates the breaking 
of ground for the tunnel construction by the Mayor on March 24, 1900. 




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HAT.T. OF RECORDS — CHAMBERS STREET. 








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WOOLWORTE BUILDING — BROADWAY, BARCLAY STREET AND PARK 
Fifty-five stories; height 750 feet. Photo, copyright. 




NEW YORK MUNICIPAL BUILDING. 



There are thirty-four stories of which eight are in the tower. Height 
from sidewalk to top of the twenty-four foot figure surmounting the 
tower, 539 feet. Height of tower, from twenty-sixth story, 210 feet. 
Height from Subway station arcade, 559 feet. Office space 651,000 
square feet. The foundation contract was the largest ever given in the 
country; cost of foundation $1,500,000. Depth of foundation 130 feet, 
of which 90 feet is below water level. Area of basement over two acres. 
Area of first floor, 43,000 square feet. Frontage on Center street, 448 
feet; Park Row, 361 feet; Duane street, 339 feet; Tryon Row, 71 feet. 
Cost estimated $7,000,000; probably $10,000,000 when completed. 



Grace Church. 



Grace Church, set in the bend at ioth street and closing the vista from 
the south, is one of the most familiar and most highly cherished of the 
landmarks of Broadway. It is a beautiful structure of white limestone, 
with marble spire, in the Decorated Gothic, and was designed by James 
Renwick, the architect of St. Patrick'-; Cathedral, Clustered about the 
church is a group of buildings, which arc harmonious with it in design; 
even the high wall of the business building adjoining has been made to 
comport with the rest, and all these, with the rectory yard with its lawn and 
shrubbery, make a picture very grateful to thousands of eyes every day. 
The church door is always open, and to turn from the bustle of Broadway 
into the hush of the aisles is like finding the shelter of a great rock where 
the uproar of the wind is stilled. The interior is rich in sculptured decora- 
tion, and the memorial windows are exquisite examples of stained glass. 
The great chancel window has for its subject the Te Deum; in the trans- 
septs are the Saint-, and the Patriarchs and Prophets. The altar and 
reredos were given by Miss Catherine L. Wolfe. The porch is a memorial, 
and so is each one of the ten bells of the chimes in the tower; the great bell 
hears the name of Rev. Thomas House Taylor, for thirty-three years the 
rector. The rectory is connected with the church by Grace House, in 
which are the vestry and clergy rooms and a library and reading room; 
on the south is the Chantry, where a week-day afternoon service is held. 
Grace House and the Chantry were given by Miss Wolfe. In the rear is 
the Grace Memorial House, given by Hon. Levi P. Morton, in memory of 
his wife; a flay nursery for small children is maintained here. In the 
rectory yard the greal terra cotta vase was brought from Rome, where it 
was discovered 40 feel below the surface in excavations for St. Paul's 




65 



66 



NEW YORK. 



Church. The sun dial has a pedestal fashioned from two of the pin- 
nacles of Grace Church as first built at Broadway and Rector street in 
1809. The present edifice was completed in 1846. A tablet in the right 
entrance records that the church stands on ground which was owned 
by Henry Brevoort (died 1841), who had derived it in unbroken descent 
from the earliest colonists of the New Netherlands. It was this Henry 
Brevoort who in 1836 prevented the cutting through of nth street from 
Broadway to Fourth avenue: his house stood in the line of the pro- 
posed street, and he successfully resisted the projected opening. The 
bend in Broadway at this point was caused by a deflection of the street 
to meet the old-time junction of the Bowery and the Bloomingdale 
road at a point now at Broadway and 17th street. 

On the south of the building is Grace Church Open Air Pulpit, over- 
looking the Huntington Close, a bit of greensward and garden, dedi- 
cated to the memory of Rev. Dr. William R. Huntington, who was for 
many years rector. Services are held here every Wednesday at 12:30 
P. M., to which the public is invited. 




THE RECTORY YARD OF GRACE CHURCH. 



Union Square. 



For the pauper and the stranger dead there must be potter's fields. 
To the successive reservation of such burial places on Manhattan Island 
we owe Washington, Union and Madison squares and Bryant Park. 
Each of them lay originally beyond the city limits, was overtaken by 
the growth of the town, and its use was abandoned; then each in time 
became a public park with trees and lawns and winding walks and foun- 
tains and flowers and statues and nursemaids and children. 

Union Square lies between Broadway and Fourth avenue. Fourteenth 
and Seventeenth streets. Broadway makes a bend here, and the cars go 
around a sharp curve, to which the disasters of the early days of the 
cable system gave the significant name of "Deadman's Curve." Here 
southeast of the park stands H. K. Browne's bronze statue of Abraham 
Lini OLN. The curb bears the words of the Gettysburg speech: "With 
malice toward none, with charity for all." Across the Square, the 
equestrian bronze statue of Washington (by the same sculptor) stands 
close by the spot where General Washington was received by the citizens 
when he entered the city on its evacuation by the British, Nov. 25, 1783. 
The Blackfoot Indian, Bear Chief, when he looked upon this statue, 
saw in Washington's outstretched hand the Indian warrior's sign for 
"Peace." Facing south on Broadway is the statue of LAFAYETTE, which 
was erected by French residents in 1876, with the dedication: "To the 
City of Xew York, France, in remembrance of sympathy in time of 
trial. 1870-71." The reference is to the period of the Franco-Prussian 
War. Lafayette is represented as offering his sword to America, 1776; 
and his words are engraved on the pedestal: "As soon as I heard of 
American [ndependence, my heart was enlisted." The bronze statue 
is bj Bartholdi, of Statue of Liberty fame. In the west of the Square 
1- the James Fountain, designed by Dunndorf and given to the city by 

I). Willis James. It is a much admired bronze group of a mother and her 

two children. The fountain in the center of the Square flowed for the first 
time Oct. 14. iS4_>. on the occasion of the Croton Water Celebration, 
when a procession seven miles long filed pasl it in review by Governor 

Seward. In season there is in the basin a fine display of water lilies. 

Fourteenth street leads west to the Fifth avenue and Sixth avenue 
shopping districts; east to the Academy of Music and Tammany Hall 
TAMMANY HALL is owned by the Tammany Society, a benevolent or- 
ganization founded in 1789. It took the name from Tammany, a friendly 
and popular chief of the Delaware tribe of Indians; and it was this 

chief, who gave to one of the tribes for a totem the tiger, which was 
afterward adopted by the Tammany Society. The Tammany Hall Gen- 
eral Committee is a political organization which occupies Tammany 
Hall as headquarters: it is distinct from the Tammany Society. 

67 



madisott Square. 



Madison Square is in the heart of New York. Its boundaries arc 
Broadway, here at a most brilliant point; Fifth and Madison avenues, 
names synonymous with wealth and fashion, and Twenty-third street, 
the most important crosstown thoroughfare in the central part of the 
city. Beautiful as a park, with its trees and lawns and fountain and 
statues, the Square is set amid distinguished surroundings. On the west 
and north are the Fifth Avenue Building, on the Fifth Avenue Hotel 
site, the Albemarle Hotel and the Hoffman House, and the Croisic and 
Brunswick buildings. On the northeast the Madison Square Garden 
lifts its graceful tower 357 feet in air, with the gilded Diana poised on 
the pinnacle. On the east is the Appellate Court House, described on 
a following page. The new edifice of the Madison Avenue Presbyterian 
Church (the pulpit of Dr. Charles H. Parkhurst) with its massive 
columned portico, tiled dome and gold lantern is in design and liberal 
use of color a noteworthy departure from the Gothic style of the old 
church, with spire dwarfed by the surrounding skyscrapers. The Metro- 
politan Life's stately home is one of the largest office buildings in 
existence; one should not fail to see the white marble court at the 
Madison Square entrance and the great central hall. The Square is 
dominated by the Metropolitan Tower, one of the architectural wonders 
of the city. 

On the south, at Broadway and Twenty-third street, is the "Flatiron" 
Building, described on a previous page. Across Broadway is the Hotel 
Bartholdi, and adjoining it the American Art Galleries. On Twenty- 
sixth street, at Madison avenue, are the Society for Prevention of 
Cruelty to Animals and the Manhattan Club, a leading Democratic or- 
ganization. North on Broadway are seen the lofty Townsend and St. 
James buildings. 

In the northeast corner of the Square is Bissell's bronze statue of 
Chester Alan Arthur, Twenty-first President of the United States of 
America. Vice-President Arthur succeeded to the Presidency after the 
assassination of President Garfield in 18S1. In the southwest, near 
Twenty-third street, is the statue of Roscoe Conkling, Senator from 
New York, 1867-81. The figure is of bronze, by Ward, and represents 
the orator in the attitude so familiar to his audiences; we may hear him 
as when in a political convention he stilled the opposition uproar with 
the words, "The shallow murmur, but the deep are dumb." The 
memorial was erected by friends on the spot where bewildered and 
overcome in the terrible blizzard of March 12, 1888, he fell exhausted, 
and suffered exposure which resulted in his death. Conklin and Arthur 
were closely associated in public life and were warm friends; it is a 
suggestive fact that the chance circumstance of a winter's storm should 
have caused their memorials to lie given place here so near together. 

The drinking fountain at the southeast corner, designed by Miss 
Emma Stebbins, was given by Miss Catherine Lorillard Wolfe, whose 
benefactions to New York's religious, educational, art and charitable 
objects aggregated $2,000,000. 

The memorial of William II. Seward occupies a conspicuous position 
in the southwest facing Broadway. It is of bronze, by Randolph Rogers, 

68 




Broadway. Fifth Avenue. 

'THE FLATIKON"— MADISON SQUARE, BROADWAY AND FIFTH AVENUE. 



70 



NEW YORK. 



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and represents the statesman seated in a Senatorial chair, with pen in 
hand. Those who knew the living Seward aver that the legs were not the 
prominent features here presented; on the contrary, he is spoken of as a 
man who was "all head and no legs." Seward was Governor of New 
York, United States Senator, and Secretary of State of the United States 
under Lincoln. 

The most notable adornment of the Square, and the one which ranks 
as one of the best examples of contemporary sculpture possessed by the 
city, is the memorial of Admiral David Glascoe Farragut, by Augustus 
St. Gaudens. It stands in the northwest corner of the Square, facing Fifth 
avenue. The Admiral is represented as standing upon the deck of his ship, 
with field-glass in hand, and coat-skirt flying in the wind. The sturdy pose 
and erect, rugged figure give fine expression to the character of the man 
who took the fleet past the forts in Mobile Bay, and "whose name will 
ever stir like a trumpet the hearts of his grateful countrymen." The 
pedestal, designed by Stanford White, is in the form of a bench with high 
curving back; in the center is an admiral's sword; waving lines suggest 



MADISON SQUARE. 




MADISON SQUARE. 

the sea, and on either side are graceful female figures in low relief personi- 
fying Courage and Patriotism. The memorial inscription reads : 

That the memory of a daring and sagacious commander and gentle grcat-souled 
man, whose life from childhood was given to his country, but who served her 
supremely in the war for the Union, 1 86 1 - 1 865, may be preserved and honored; 
and that they who Mine after him and who will love him so much may see him as 
he was seen by friend and foe, his countrymen have set up this monument A. D. 
MDCCCLXXXI. 

The chief events of Farragut's life are outlined in the biographical in- 
scription, which reads : 

Born near Knoxville, Tennessee, July 5, 1801. Midshipman, 1810. Battle of Essex and 
Phoebe, March 28, 1814. Lieutenant, 1825. Commander, 1851. Captain, 1855. Battle o r 
New Orleans, April 23, 1862. Rear-Admiral, 1862 Battle of Mobile Bay, August 5, 1864 
Vice-Admiral, December 23, 1864. First Admiral of the United States of America, July 26, 
1866. Died at Portsmouth, New Hampshire, August 4, 1870. 

The statue was presented by the Farragul Memorial Association, An 
interesting circumstance of the dedication in 1881 was the presence of three 
of the sailors of the Hartford. At the moment of presentation John 11. 
Knowles. the sailor who lashed Farragul to the mast in the battle of 
Mobile Bay, assisted by J. B. Millner, who was also on the flagship Mart 
ford, drew aside the draping^ from the statue; and B. S. Osborne, the >a»lor 
who hoisted the colors of the flagship as she entered the engagement, dis- 
played an admiral's flag as a signal for an admiral's salute of seventeen 
guns. 

Opposite the Farragut statue, in the triangular plot at the parting of 
Broadway and Fifth avenue, is the Worth Monument erected by the 
city in 1857 over the tomb of Major-General William Jenkins Worth, a 
hero of the War of 1812 and the Mexican War. General Worth was the 
first to plant the flag of the United States on the Rio Grande, and the 
first to enter the City of Mexico. He died in Texas in 1849; in 1857 his 



72 NEW YORK. 

remains were interred here. The granite monument bears a bronze por- 
trait, the legends Ducit amor patricc ("Love of country guides") and 
"Honor the Brave," and the names of the battles in which General 
Worth had part. 

The crossing at Twenty-third street is one of the most crowded and 
difficult in the city. Here, where the currents of Broadway and Fifth 
avenue unite, and to them is added that of Twenty-third street, the flood 
of New York life flows at full tide. One who has looked upon the 
picture here presented — the incessant crush of business traffic, the 
stream of equipages on Fifth avenue, the throngs of shoppers and 
promenaders — one who has seen this has seen New York. 

Fifth avenue is the route of the great civic and military parades, and 
the reviewing stand is usually placed opposite the Worth Monument. 



metropolitan Cower. 



Metropolitan Tower. — The observation balcony of the Tower is 
open to visitors during the day (admission fee 50 cents). From the 
booklet given to visitors we quote: "The dimensions of the Tower are 
75 feet on Madison avenue and 85 feet on 24th street; and the total 
height is 700 feet. In general design and outline it is modeled after 
the famous Campanile of St. Mark at Venice, which was taken as a 
prototype, but with such deviations as were necessary to have the Tower 
in architectural harmony with the main building. 

"The highest lookout is reached at the balcony of the fiftieth story, 
660 feet above the sidewalk level, from which vantage point a most 
comprehensive and unique panoramic view may be obtained. Within 
range are visible the homes of over one-sixteenth of the entire popu- 
lation of the United States." 

Tower Clock. — One of the interesting and unique features of the 
building is the mammoth clock, the largest four-dial tower clock in the 
world, located 346 feet above the sidewalk, and visible far and wide over 
the city. 

The dials are built up of reinforced concrete faced with vitreous blue 
and white mosaic tile. Each dial is 26 feet 6 inches in diameter. The 
figures on the dial are 4 feet high and the minute marks io l / 2 inches in 
diameter. 

The minute-hand measures 17 feet from end to end, 12 feet from 
center to point, and weighs 1,000 pounds; the hour-hand measures 13 
feet 4 inches from end to end, 8 feet 4 inches from center to point, and 
weighs 700 pounds. The hands are built on iron frames, sheathed with 
copper, and revolve on roller-bearings. 

The driving-power of this huge mechanism is electricity, none of the 
many devices connected therewith requiring any manual operation, the 
entire installation being automatic. 

The master clock, located in the Directors' Room on the second floor, 
not only controls the entire tower clock outfit, but about 100 other 
clocks throughout the building, as well as several program instruments 
for sounding various schedules of bells in the different departments. 



MAD J SON SQUARE. 



7.', 



Through the medium of a special transmitter, minute impulses are 
sent i" the tower clock mechanism on the twenty-sixth floor, keeping 
them iu exact synchronism with the master clock; and at each quarter- 
lectrical impulses are transmitted to the electric hammers on the 
Fortj sixth story, and simultaneously are heard the notes of the old 
historic Cambridge chimes, composed by Handel. Following the fourth 
or last quarter the hours are sounded on the 7,000-pound bell, with an 
impact of about 200 pounds. This blow, struck on such a large bell, 
may be heard many miles away. 

The chime comprises tour hells, the largest weighing 7.000 pounds 

B flat I : the second, 3,000 pounds ( E flat); the third, 2.000 pounds 

(F natural), and the smallest. 1.500 pounds (key of G). They are 



3 *-"Q u&rter — - — -^ 

isppiipp 




riiE METROPOLITAN TOWER CHIMES. 

mounted on pedestals between the marble columns outside the forty- 
sixth st,,ry. and are said 1" he twice as high above the sidewalk as any 
other large hells in the world. 

A.S the evening darkness draws near, at any predetermined hour for 
which the mechanism may be adjusted, hundreds of electric lights ap- 
pear hack of the dial numerals, the minute-marks and the entire length 
of the hands, all of which are brilliantly illuminated with splendid effeel 
—a feature never produced by any other clock in the world. 

Simultaneously with the illumination of the hands and dials, an auto- 
matically actuated switch lights up a great electric octagonal lantern. 
eight feet in diameter, located at the top of the Tower, from which 
powerful electric flashlights, marking the hours in the evening, may 
1 distance, far beyond any possible transmission 01 
sound, the time beii d therefrom as follow s: 

Each of the quarter hours is dashed in red and the hours in white 
light. <>ne red Hash for the quarter, two red dashes for the half, three 
red flashes for three quarters, and four red Hashes fur the even hour — 
these latter flashes followed by a number of white flashes marking the 
hour. 



74 



NEW YORK. 



madi$on Square Garden. 



The Madison Square Garden occupies the block bounded by Fourth 
and Madison avenues and Twenty-sixth and Twenty-seventh streets. Its 
dimensions are 465 X200 feet, and it is the largest amusement building in 
America. It was completed in 1890 at a cost of $3,000,000. 

The building material is of pale yellow brick with decorations in white 
terra-cotta. On the Madison avenue front and extending on either side 
is an arcade whose arches rest on pillars of polished marble. A colon- 
nade with polished marble pillars extends around the top story; and 
there are cupolas, domes, towers and gilded finials. The finest feature 
of all is the tower which springs from the Twenty-sixth street front, 
rising 249 feet with unbroken lines, and then by a succession of belfry 
stages of diminishing size tapering to the pinnacle upon which rests 
the shining figure of Diana with flying draperies and crescent bow, 356 
feet above the sidewalk. The tower is an adaptation (but not a copy) 
of the Giralda in Seville. The Diana, modeled by Augustus St. Gaudens, 
is of copper gilded, 13 feet high. The statue is a weather vane, and 
rests upon ball bearings (forty polished steel balls about the size ot 
billiard balls), which enable the figure to turn readily, the arrow always 
pointing into the wind. Electric lights are so disposed as to illuminate 
the figure at night. 

The Garden contains a vast amphitheater, 300 x 200 feet and 80 feet 
in height. It has a permanent seating capacity of 6,000. This may be 
increased by using the arena floor to 13,000, with standing room in 
addition. An audience of 14,000 heard Grover Cleveland here in 1892. 
The Garden is lighted by 7,000 incandescant lights. 

The Garden is the place of great meetings and expositions and enter- 
tainments. Here have been held the Horse Show, Dog Show, Poultry 
Show, Sportsmen's Show, American Institute Fair, Barnum's Circus, 
Arion Ball, political gatherings and mass meetings. 



■ 

i 

m 


- 



MADISON SQUARE. 



the Appellate Court Bouse. 

The Court House oi the Appellate Division oi the Supreme Court oi 
-he City oi New York is on the east of Madison Square at Madison avenue 
and Twenty-fifth street. It was completed in 1000 at a cost, including the 
furnishing, of $750,000. The exterior is decorated with sculptures, and the 
interior is rich in marbles and mural paintings. 

The caryatides, by T. S. Clarke, which support the cornice of the 
Madison avenue front represent the Four Seasons. The group above 
(by Karl Bitter) represents Peace. The statues on the pedestals of the 
balustrade are of the Great Law Givers! Alfred, Confucius, Justinian, 
Lycurgus, Mahomet, Manu Vaivasvata, Moses, St. Louis, Solon, 
Zoroaster. 

Flanking the entrance on Twenty-fifth street are two large seated 
statues of Wisdom and Force, by F. W. Ruckstuhl. The pedestals hear 
the inscriptions: 

Every law not based on wisdom is a menace to the State. 
We must not use force till just laws are defied. 

The bas-relief of the pediment (by C. H. Niehaus) represents the 
Triumph of Law over Anarchy; and above is a group (by D. C. French) 
symbolizing Justice. Reclining on the window pediments are figures of 
Morning, Noon, Evening, Night, by M. M. Schwartzott. 

The entrance hall has a wainscoting of Sienna marble and pilasters of the 
same material, with bronze gold capitals. The frieze spaces are filled with 
paintings, and the ceiling is modeled in two shades of gold. The Cov' 
Room is treated in the same manner. The bench, screen and dais are of 
lark oak, very richly carved. The stained glass dome and windows are 
inscribed with the names of these eminent jurists: Butler. Choate, 
Clinton. Fish, Hamilton, Jay, Kent, Legare, Livingston, Marcy, Marshall, 
O'Conor, Ogden, Pinckney, Shaw, Spencer, Story, Taney. Van Buren 
Webster. The mural paintings of the two apartments are symbolical and 
allegorical. The following description of the series is adapted from one 
published by the architect of the building: 

In the Entrance Hall the frieze on the north wall, facing the entrance 
(by H. S. Mi twbray >. represents the Transmission of the 1 .aw. The subjeel 
is illustrated by eight groups in the following order: Mosaic, Egyptian, 
Greek, Roman, Byzantine, Norman. Common Law and Modern Law. 
representing distinct periods that have had their influence on our own. 
The groups are united in each case by an allegorical winged figure to 
represent their transmission from one age to another. 

The frieze on the right-hand side, on the easterly wall of the entrance 
hall (by Robert ReicH, represents Justice, supported by the Guardians of 
•.he Law with sword and fasces. She gives Peace and Prosperity to the Arts 
ttid Sciences. She holds the symbols of the Law, sword, hook and scales. 
Peace is followed by Education teaching the youth, the book being 
b'phted by a lamp held by Religion. Prosperity is followed by Drama 



76 



NEW YORK. 




THE APPELLATE COURT. 



(Tragedy holding the mask of Comedy), and Music with harp. The 
panel on the south wall is the same subject continued. From the left, in 
order, are Poetry, Painting, Sculpture, Architecture and Fame. 

The frieze to the left, on the westerly wall (by W. L. Metcalf), repre- 
sents Justice. The two lunettes between the entrance doors on the southerly 
wall (by C. Y. Young) represent Law and Equity. 

In the Court Room the central panel (by H. O. Walker) represents 
W : sdom, attended by Learning, Experience, Humility and Love; and by 
Fa.th, Patience, Doubt and Inspiration. The figure of Wisdom is intended 
to personify Biblical or spiritual wisdom. The figure of Love is meant to 
carry out the sentiment of the figure o f Wisdom. The panel to the 
right (by E. H. Blashfield) represents, The Powers of the Law. The 
panel to the left (by Edward Simmons) represents Justice of the Law 
The two frieze panels to the right and left (by George W. Maynard), 
represent the seals of the City and State. The long frieze on the west 
wall, behind the dais of the Justices (by Kenyon Cox) represents gener- 
ally the Reign of Law. The small frieze panels between the pilasters and 
the windows (by Joseph Lauber) represent Moderation, Veneration, Per- 
spicuity, Eloquence, Reticence, Research, Unity, Fortitude, Justice, Truth, 
Philosophy, Courage, Patriotism, Logic, Knowledge and Prudence. The 
four end panels represent the four Cardinal Virtues. 



fifth Avenue. 



Fifth \venue is New York's fashionable thoroughfare, famed for its 
costly residences and the people who live in them, its hotels, clubs, 
churches and libraries, and the brilliant social display which gives to the 
street its dominant air. Beginning at Washington Square on the south, 
it extends north six miles, past the Central Park to the Harlem River. 
The double-decked electric stages which ply from Washington Square 
north afford a convenient means of seeing the avenue. 

Washington Square has a statue of the Italian patriot Giuseppe 
Garibaldi, presented by Italian residents of the United States. A bronze 
bust erected by engineers of America and Europe commemorates Alex 
ander L. Holley as "foremost among those whose genius and energy 
established in America and improved throughout the world the manu- 
facture of Bessemer steel." A conspicuous feature of the Square's sur- 
roundings is the Judson Memorial Baptist Church, its campanile sur- 
mounted by a cross, which is illuminated at night and makes a pretty 
picture seen through the Washington Arch. The large building 
the Square belongs to the New York University, which has here certain 
of its schools. 

The Washington Arch, spanning the drive at the beginning of Fifth 
avenue, is a perpetuation of the one designed by Stanford White for the 
tion in 1889 of the centennial of Washington's Inauguration a? 
firsl President. It is of white marble. 77 feet in height, and has a span 
of 30 f( ost of $128,000 was defrayed by popular subscription. 

The words from Washington's Inaugural Address are engraved upon it: 
"Let us raise a standard to which the wise and honest can repair. The 
event is in the hands of I 

The aristocratic mansions on the north occupy part of the Randall 
farm, which in 1N01 Capt. Roberj Richard Randall bequeathed for a Snug 
Harbor for superannuated sailors. The Harbor is situated on Staten 
1 viand, and is still supported by the old farm, which, extending north to 
Tenth street and east to Fourth avenue, yields a rental income of 
$500,000 a year. These North Washington Square houses have about 
them a fine flavor of yesterday, and preserve an old-fashioned air which 
accentuates their dignity as conservers of the old-time gentility. This 
small section at the beginning of the Avenue has maintained a resi- 
dential character and exclusiveness, of which the Avenue to the north 
lias been robbed by the inexorable encroachment of business, 

At 23d street the Avenue cros and borders Madison 

On the right at 23d street is the huge Flatiron Building. On 
the left is the Fifth Avenue Building, and the vista of Broadway 
stretches away to the north. 

77 



78 



NEW YORK. 



'; \ftUW ' I 



~n\ 



^^^^9*p-< ""™T^^'' 



f 




WASHINGTON ARCH — LOOKING UP FIFTH AVENUE. 

At 25th street the Farragut statue is on the right and the Worth 
monument on the left. At 27th street is the Victoria Hotel, and on the 
northwest corner the Reform Club; at 28th the Knickerbocker apart- 
ments; at 29th the Calumet Club on the southeast, and the Marble 
Collegiate Church; at 30th street the Holland House; at No. 319 the 
Knickerbocker Club, and extending from 33d to 34th the Waldorf- 
Astoria, an impressive and picturesque structure in the German Ren- 
aissance style, owned by William Waldorf Astor and Colonel John Jacob 
Astor. The estimated cost was $12,000,000. Opposite the Waldorf- 
Astoria is the white marble building of the Knickerbocker Trust Com- 
pany; next to it yEolian Hall. On the east, 34th to 35th streets, is the 
Altman store. At 36th street is the Gorham Company, and at 37th 
street Tiffany's. 



FIFTH AVENUE. 79 

Murray Hill begins at 34th street. The district so designated, in- 
cluding the Avenue and the side streets, was long the most fashionable 
residence section of New York. 

The name was derived trom the (arm of Robert Murray, a Pennsylvania Quaker, 
who came here before the Revolution, and whose housi ..." «as on the 

Boston High Road, at the present intersection of Thirty-sixth street and Madison 
avenue, one block east from Fifth avenue. The Murrays are remembered also for 
a signal service to the American troops in 1776. On Sept. L5, 1776, Wa I 
forces being in retreat from the lo the city, and the British seel 

them, Genera] Howe and his staff halted at "Inclenberg" to inqu 
long since the Americans had passed. As a matter of fact, it was only ten minutes. 
but the good old Quaker lady assured the British officers that so much time had 
elapsed that pursuit was hopeless; and the day being insufferably hot, she invited 
them to alight and refresh themselves. Then with cake and wine and wit si 
tained them and detained them two hours, during which time the Americans made 
good their retreat to Harlem Heights. A s,.n of these Murray-, of Murray Hill was 
Lindley Murray, who published a famous "Grammar <>t the English Language" in 
1795, and of whom it is often colloquially said that some lap "would 

make Lindley Murray turn in his grave." 

At 39th street is the Union League Club, organized by Republicans 
in 1863 to assist the Union cause. It is perhaps the New York club 
which has the widest, national reputation. It is one of the largest in 
the city, with a membership oi [,800. The Queen Anne club house cos) 
$400,000. 

The New York Public Library occupies the site of the old Croton 
distributing reservoir extending from Fortieth street to Forty-second 
street. The building contains the general administration offices, the 
central reference collection of over a million volumes, and a circula- 
tion collection of 30,000 volumes. It was built by the city at a cost 
of about $9,000,000. Carrere and Hastings wore the architects. The 
cornerstone was laid on Nov. 10, 1902; the building was opened to the 
public on May 23. 191 1. 

The building is in form of a rectangle, 390 feet long and 270 feet 
deep, built around two inner courts, each about eighty feet square. The 
area covered is about 115,000 square feet. The material is largely Ver- 
mont marble. There are seats for 768 readers in the main reading room, 
and seats in other public rooms bring the total capacity up to 1,760. In 
the main stack room are 334,530 feet (63.3 miles) of shelving, with 
capacity for about 2,500,000 volumes. Book stacks in the special read- 
ing rooms amount to about 70,000 feet, with capacity for about 500.000 
volumes. 

The main reading room is on the third (topi floor of the building, 
on the west or Bryant Park side. It is reached by stairs leading from 
the Fifth avenue entrance or, more easily, by the elevators in the hall 
to the left of the Forty-second street entrance on the street level. Subject 
to a few simple regulations, any well-behaved, unobjectionable person 
may have brought to him, for consultation within this room, practically 
any book in the building. For detailed investigation special reading 
rooms are provided in various parts of the building, where a reader 
may have direct access to the books there shelved To these special 
reading rooms admission will he granted on a single occasion by the 
librarian in charge of each; for admission for an extended period tickets 
granting this privilege must be obtained from the librarian in charge 



80 NEW YORK. 

of the public catalogue room (315) or from the director (room 210). 

A visitor who wishes a definition, direction or similar brief summary 
will probably find it most convenient to use the few reference books in 
the circulation room (80) opposite the Forty-second street entrance. If 
these fail he will have to go to the main reading room. A visitor who 
wishes to spend an hour in casual or aimless browsing may do so in 
the circulation room (80), or among the books on open shelves in the 
main reading room, or among the current periodicals in the room at 
the southeast corner of the first floor (in). 

West is Bryant Park, much resorted to by nurse maids and children. 
It has a bust of Washington Irving and a statue of Dr. J. Marion Sims, 
paid for by dollar contributions from 10,000 of the great surgeon's 
patients and friends. 

42d street leads east to the Grand Central Station, and the Manhattan 
and Belmont hotels. The Temple Emanu-El at 43d street is one of the 
largest Jewish synagogues in the city, and is regarded as a fine example 
of Saracenic architecture. West of the Avenue in 43d street is the 
Century Club. On the northeast corner of 44th street is Delmonico's, 
and diagonally across from it is Sherry's. Delmonico's is the most 
famous restaurant in America, and one of the best known in the world. 
Sherry's is a younger establishment of the same character, and each 
is the scene of many social functions — dinners, receptions, society 
debuts and balls. 

"Delmonico and Brothers," records Mr. Chas. H. Haswell, "opened a coffee, cake 
and confectionery shop in the year 182S at No. 23 William street, in a single room, 
in which they and the female members of their family dispensed bon-bons, coffee, 
liquor, pates and confections." In 1842 John Delmonico, then the head of the house, 
died of apoplexy, caused by his excitement at firing at a deer; and the "bereft" but 
thrifty family caused to be printed this notice: "A CARD: The widow, brother and 
nephew Lorenzo of the late much respected John Delmonico tender their heartfelt 
thanks to the friends, Benevolent societis and Northern Liberty Fire Engine Com- 
pany, who accompanied his remains to his last home. The establishment will be re- 
opened to-day, under the same firm of Delmonico Brothers, and no pains of the 
bereft family will be spared to give general satisfaction. Restaurant, bar-room, and 
private dinners, No. 2 South William Street; furnished rooms No. 76 Broad Street, 
as usual." 

In 44th street west of the Avenue are the Harvard, Yale, St. 
Nicholas, Twelfth Night, and New York Yacht Clubs, and Bar Asso- 
ciation. 

The Windsor Arcade site between 46th and 47th was occupied by the 
ill-fated Windsor Hotel, which was destroyed by fire in 1899 with a 
terrible loss of life. The house on the northeast corner of 47th street, 
No. 579, is the home of Miss Helen Gould. At No. 617 is the Demo- 
cratic Club, the social headquarters of the leaders of Tammany Hall. 
At 50th street is the Buckingham Hotel. St. Patrick's Cathedral 
occupies the block from 50th to 51st street; in the rear of the Cathedral 
is the Archiepiscopal Residence, the home of the Archbishop. The 
Union Club has a sumptuous new home on the corner, fronting on 51st 
street. 

St. Patrick's Cathedral is the largest and most beautiful church edifice in 
America, and holds high rank as an example of the decorated and geometric style ot 
(Jothic architecture to which belong the cathedrals of Rheims, Amiens and Cologne, 
.Ml the Continent; and the naves of York, Westminster and Exeter in England. The 



82 NEW YORK. 

architect was James Renwick, who designed the Smithsonian Institution in Wash- 
ington. The corner-stone was laid by Archbishop Hughes, August 15, 1858, in the 
presence of 100,000 people; and the edifice was dedicated May 25, 1879, by Cardinal 
McCloskey, with thirty-six Archbishops and Bishops and more than 450 priests parti- 
cipating in the rites. The material above the granite base course is white marble 
from Westchester county, N. Y., and Lee, Mass. The cost of the land was over 
$60,000, and of the building $2,000,000. The seating capacity of the pews is 2,500. The 
plan is cruciform. The exterior length is 332 feet, breadth 174 feet, towers at base 
32 feet, height of central gable on the Fifth avenue front 156 feet, height of spires 
330 feet. Interior height 306 feet, breadth of nave 96 feet (with chapels 120 feet), length 
of transept 140 feet. The interior is divided into a nave, two transepts and a choir or 
sanctuary. The roof is supported by massive white marble columns, clustered, 35 feet 
in height; the arches between the columns rising to a height of 54 feet, and the 
ceiling of the center arch to a height of 77 feet. The ceilings are groined and 
richly moulded. 

Of the seventy windows thirty-seven are figured, their subjects drawn from 
Scripture and the lives of the saints; and twenty more are filled with cathedral stained 
glass. The principal one of the figured series is the six-bayed window of St. Patrick. 

The High Altar at the east end of the central aisle, has a reredos 33 feet in width 
and 50 feet in height, of carved Poitiers stone; in the center tower of the reredos 
is a statue of Christ, and in the flanking towers are statues of St. Peter and St. Paul. 
The altar is of purest Italian marble inlaid with alabaster and precious marbles. The 
front is divided into panels representing in bas-reliefs the Last Supper, the Carrying 
of the Cross, the Agony in the Garden; and niches contain statues of the Four Evan- 
gelists. The altar tabernacle is of marble richly decorated, and has a door of gilt 
bronze set with emeralds and garnets. The high altar was a gift from Cardinal 
McCloskey, who, dying in 1SS5, was entombed beneath it; and here also lies Arch- 
Dishop Hughes. Under the floor of the sanctuary near the high altar is a crypt for 
the entombing of the Archbishops of New York. The Cathedral is open during the day. 

On the west side, between 51st and 52d streets, are the brown stone 
-esidences known as the Vanderbilt twin-houses. In the lower one, 
No. 640, owned by George Vanderbilt, lives Henry C. Frick; and in 
the other one, No. 642, William D. Sloane. On the upper side of S2d 
street is the residence of W. K. Vanderbilt. At 53d street is the site of 
the ultra-fashionable St. Thomas's Church (Protestant Episcopal, 
burned in 1905; to be rebuilt at a cost of $500,000). On the lower side 
of 54th street are the two houses (Nos. 680 and 684) built for daughters 
of Wm. H. Vanderbilt. Mrs. W. Seward Webb and Mrs. H. McK. 
T womb ley. 

On the upper side of 54th street is the University Club. The mem- 
bership is composed of graduates of universities and colleges. 

The sculptured seals of eighteen colleges are employed for the exterior decorations. 
On the Avenue side in the lower tier are the seals of Williams, the Naval Academy, 
West Point, and Brown; in the upper tier, Cornell, Hamilton, Dartmouth and New 
York University. ( >n the 54th street front, in the lower tier, Columbia, Yale, Harvard, 
Princeton; and in the upper tier the College of the City of New York, Trinity, 
Kutgers, the University of Pennsylvania, Union, and Amherst. 

In 54th street, in the first house on the lower side, lives John D. 
Rockefeller. The Fifth Avenue Presbyterian Church is at 55th street. 
On the east is the Hotel St. Regis, on the West the Hotel Gotham. 

At 57th street, on the four corners respectively are the homes of 
Mrs. Cornelius Vanderbilt (northwest), Herman Oelrichs (northeast), 
Harry Payne Whitney (southwest), Mrs. C. P. Huntington (southeast).- 

The Whitney House, now occupied by Harry Payne Whitney, was formerly owned 
by his father, William C. Whitney, Secretary of the Navy under Cleveland. It was 
here that President Cleveland received Li Hung Chang; and the story went that Earl 
Li was so impressed by the magnificence of the spacious interior that he found it 




ST. PATRICK S CATHEDRAL. 



8 4 



NEW YORK. 



difficult to believe that this was simply a private house. The Oerlichs House 
was formerly owned by Mrs. Paran Stevens. The Huntington House, which has 
the exterior of a penal institution, is of rich construction within; there are an 
onyx and statuary marble staircase that cost $190,000, a grand ball room and other 
costly features. The house was built by the late C. P. Huntington, at a cost of 
$2,000,000. For a long time after it was finished Mr. Huntington hesitated to move 
into it, because, as was explained, he was superstitious enough to believe the old 
saying that it is not safe for an old man to move into a new house, for it is likely 
that he will soon die in it. Not until after his adopted daughter had been married 
in the house would he consent to live in it. Mr. Huntington died in 1900. 

The Cornelius Vanderbilt House is for size and grandeur one of the most 
notable on the Avenue. It extends from 57th to 5Sth streets, and has a frontage on 
the side streets of 125 feet. The style is that of the Chateau de Boise in France; and 
the exterior effect is much enhanced by the garden which borders the Avenue side 
and by the porte-cochere on the 5Sth street end. The main entrance is on 58th street, 
and a feature of the interior is the great hall, finished in highly carved Caen stone, 
42 feet broad, 50 feet long, and extending to the top of the house, with a winding 
staircase also of Caen stone. The rooms on the first floor include the large salon 
decorated in the style of Louis XV., a smaller salon in the style of Louis XVI., the 
library finished in mahogany, the grand ball room, which occupies a space 61 by 50 
feet and is 40 feet high, and dining, breakfast, and smoking rooms. The house has 
been described as "a veritable palace, being built on the plan of those in Europe, and 
its grand magnificence becomes apparent only on fete occasions. The main floor, 
adapted especially for entertainment, with its grand stone hall, its great ball room, 
which is said to outshine in elegance and grandeur the state apartments of royalty, 
and its series of large connecting rooms, discloses an arrangement architecturally per- 
fect and harmonious. The elaborate carvings, decorations and furnishings have been 
made and selected by experts in the various branches of architecture and decoration, 
with a view to artistic effect and elegance, and the result is a vast floor of magnifi- 
cent stateliness." Cornelius Vanderbilt died in 1899. 




THE METROPOLITAN CLUB. 



FIFTH AVENUE. 



BS 




UNIVERSITY CLUB. 

At 58th and 59th streets is the Plaza, an open square which is 
remarkable for its architectural and social surroundings On the east 
are the great hotels Savoy and Netherland; on the south the Cornelius 
VanderMt house; on the west is the Plaza Hotel, and on the north 
antral Pari, The principal entrance to the Park is here; this is the 
town > s fashionable drive, and in the afternoon we shall fi » d here a ^"; 
stant stream of equipages coming and going, and crowds of pedestrians 
and promenaders on the Avenue and in the Park. 



NEW YORK. 




CORNELIUS VANDERBILT HOUSE. 



The Metropolitan Club's House at 6oth street occupies a site which 
was once owned by the Duchess of Marlborough. The building, of 
white marble, with Numidian marble halls, cost with the ground 
$1,500,000, and is one of the finest club houses in the world. On ac- 
count of the enormous fortunes possessed by its members, the club is 
known as the "Millionaires' Club." 

Next to the Metropolitan Club is the residence of Elbridge T. Gerry, 
founder of the Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children. Mr. 
Gerry's is the first one in the long succession of palatial residences 
fronting the Park above 60th street, which constitute what is popularly 
called "Millionaires' Row." They are houses remarkable for size, 
diversified style, and the impressive architectural effect of the exteriors; 
and yet more for the costliness, lavish luxury and magnificence of the 
interiors. Among the many notable residences we have space to men- 
tion but a few. 

At 65th street the double house was the home of Mrs. William Astor 
and Colonel John Jacob Astor; and at 66th street the house built for 
the late H. O. Havemeyer. Colonel Oliver H. Payne lives in No. 852. 
No. 855 is Perry Belmont's, and No. 856 H. O. Armour's. The house 
on the north corner of 67th street is George Gould's. No. 858, the 
double house long occupied by the late Isaac Stern, is noted for the 
rich interior effects, which are secured with choice marbles, rare woods 
and tapestries and hangings from the most famous looms. No. 864, 
which was owned by the late C. T. Yerkes, cost $3,000,000, and its 



FIFTH AVENUE. 



*7 




RESIDENCE OF ANDREW CARNEGIE. 



$2,000,000 collection of paintings and art treasures constituted the largest 
private art gallery in America. 

On the north side of 68th street, No. 871, was the home of William 
('. Whitney, who. after paying $650,000 for the house, remodeled and 
rebuilt the interior, and made it one which for beauty and costliness of 
decoration is believed to be without a rival in this country. 

It 1- furnished throughout in the Italian Renaissance style, the aim being to repro- 
duce as nearly as possible a Venetian or Florentine palace of the days of Leonardi da 
Vinci and Michel Angelo. There is scarcely a modern piece of work to be seen, 
except the floors; the decorations are all original antiques collected abroad, and each 
perl cl specimen that -kill could selecl and money buy. The chimnej pieces 
t< works in marble from old Italian palaces; the hang 
from similar sourci s; the ceilings of several rooms have been taken bodily from famous 
buildings in Europe, and the furniture and much of the woodwork are of a like 
character. In the principal ball a portrait of Charles I., by Van Dyck, hangs at 
of a short flight of steps, and a religious piece by Lorenzo Costa on the 
other. Between them is a splendid silver hanging lamp, a masterpiece of old 
Italian i The dining room walls are covered with sixteenth century 

wall paintings. The chimney-piece is a magnificent specimen of it- kind, 
while the great bronze firedogs are said to be the finest in America. In the library 
the bookcases and paneling are of old oak. carved with an elaborateness of detail 
found in none except the work of I' vorkmen. The ball room is reached 

by a corridor which is paneled with inlaid woods in quaint design and of 
workmanship. The ball room is pure Louis XIV. The walls are entirely covered 
with paneling in high relief, which was once in the chateau of Phoebus d'Albert, near 
ix. In the time of Louis Philippe these paneling- were taken to a house in 
tnd From there they were brought to tin- country. Every scrap of furniture in 
the room i- also of the Louis XIV. period, the ceiling and floor being the only 
modern portions of the apartment.— AV;e York Times. 



NEW YORK. 




KEMl'EXCE OF SEXATOR \V. A. CLARK. 



At 70th street, recessed in the wall of Central Park, is the Hunt 
Memorial. It consists of a hronze bust of the architect, by D. C. 
French, with a curved stone bench. The dedication is: "To Richard 
Morris Hunt, Oct. 31, 1828 — July 31, 1895, in recognition of his services 
in the cause of art in America, this memorial was erected by the Art 
Societies of America." 

On the south corner of 74th street is the immense brown stone house 
known as the Pickhardt House. 

A curious history attaches to the house. It was built, unbuilt and rebuilt by 
William Pickhardt, an eccentric millionaire dealer in chemicals, who became possessed 
by an ambition to outdo the Stewart palace at 34th street. Architects of England, 
Germany and America were invited to compete, and the plans of an American were 
adopted. The stone for the walls was imported from quarries near Mr. Pickhardt's 
birthplace in Germany. Work was begun in 1S75. After the foundations had been 
finished at a cost of $100,000, Mr. Pickhardt changed his plans, and the work was 
interrupted for a year. When the walls of the first story had been completed, there 



FIFTH AVENUE. 



So 



was another change of plan, followed by another prolonged interruption. The work 
then progressed until three stories had been built, when another change was decided 
on, and the weary architect threw up his job. A contractor was employed to tear 
down two stories, and a now architect and new builder were put in charge. The 
builder was a German, and went to Germany on a vacation and died there, 
builder was found, and at last, in 1889, after fourteen years of building, tearing down 
and rebuilding, and an expenditure of over (1,000,000, thi housi was roofed. Then 
.Mr. Pickhardt concluded that it was not what he wanted, and declared that I 
never live in it. It stood vacant six years, and was then put up at auction and sold 

I A Few months latei Mr. Piskhardl died. The new owner made some 

more alterations, and eventually th< ccupied. 

The gill ribbed dome of the Hebrew Temple Beth El at 76th street is 
one of the most effective architectural features of the neighborhood, and 
has a conspicuous place in the vistas and views from the walks and 
drives of Central Park. The interior is rich with columns and arches 
of onyx. The land and the edifice cost $750,000. 

At 77th street is Senator W. A. Clark's mansion, one of the most 
conspicuous examples of architectural riot in the city. A year and a 
half were consumed in preparing the foundations, which were in places 
sunk by caissons through (6 feet of water to bedrock 30 feet below the 
sidewalk. 

At s_'d streel is the Metropolitan Museum of Art. 

At 90th street is the million dollar residence of Andrew Carnegie, 
having the unusual feature of a spacious garden surrounding it. 

Central Park Gates on Fifth Avenue are at these streets: 59th, 64th 
(Menagerie), 67th, 72d, 79th, Xj>\ (Museum of Art), 85th, 90th. 96th. n>_>d. 
innih. and 1 inlh. 




XK\\ PENNSYLVANIA RAILROAD SI \Tlo\. 



Central ParK. 



Central Park extends from 59th street north to 110th street, and from 
Fifth avenue west to Eighth avenue. It is two and one-half miles long and 
one-half mile wide. The area comprises 879 acres of diversified woodland, 
meadow, lawn, lakes and ponds ; and the Park ranks as one of the most 
beautiful pleasure grounds in the world. There are gY 2 miles of carriage 
roads, 5j4 miles of bridle paths and 28*4 miles of walks. The Park is 
reached by the Fifth avenue stages, Madison, Sixth and Eighth avenue and 
Broadway cars and the Sixth avenue elevated. The principal entrance 
is the Scholar's Gate at Fifth avenue and 59th street. This is the beginning 
of the main drive through the Park. The several entrances are : 

Fifth Avenue— 59th, 64th, 67th, 72d, 79th, 85th, 90th, 96th, I02d and 110th 
streets. 

Sixth Avenue— 59th and 110th streets. 

Seventh Avenue — 59th and 110th streets. 

Eighth Avenue (Central Park West)— 59th. 72d. 79th, 85th, 96th, 100th, 
105th and 110th streets. 

A convenient way of seeing the Park is by the Park carriages, which will 
be found at the 59th street gates at Fiftb and Eighth avenues, and at Lenox 
avenue and noth street (inside the Park). They may also be taken on the 
drive near any of the entrances, or at any point in the Park, a passengej 
being returned to the place of embarkation. The carriages make the circuit 
of the Park in one hour ; tbe fare is 25 cents, with stop-over privileges. A 
line of electric stages runs from the Fifth avenue and 59th street entrance 
through the Park to 72d street, thence on Riverside Drive to Grant's Tomb; 
fare 25 cents, round trip 40 cents. 




CENTRAL PARK. 



93 




THE BETHESDA FOUNTAIN. 

The Park carriage route from the Scholar's Gate is on the main East 
Drive to the Marble Archway at the Mall, then the West I 'rue. with the 
Baseball Ground on the left and the Mall on the right, to the Terrace; 
thence past the Webster Statue on the West Drive to 70th Street, where a 
stop-over is given for the Museum of Natural History. Thence pasl the 
upper Croton Reservoir and the lawn tennis field to McGowan's Pass* and 
Mt. St. Vincent (where a stop-over is given for the restauranl I : and then 
turning south the carriage Follows the Easl Drive to the Obelisk and 
Museum of Ait. where a stop over i- given. The carriage now proceeds to 
the Fifth avenue gate at 79th street, and thence along the East Drive, hav- 



•The rocky defile of McGowan's Pass, named after a farmer who lived near by, is asso- 
ciated with an incident of the Revolution. ( >n Sept 1">. 1776 stragglers of the Ameri- 
can troops passed through the Pass in their retreat to Harlem. The British in 
pursuit here met a patriot lad, Andrew McGowan, and pressed him into service to 
show the way the Americans had gone. He led the troopers a devious course over 
a wrong road, and thus by his ready wit gave the Americans tim< to escape. Mt. St. 
Vincent was so called because St. Vincent's Convent stood here before the property 
Was acquired for park purposes. 



94 



NEW YORK. 




THE BOW BRIDGE— SHOWING HOTEL MAJESTIC AND THE DAKOTA. 

ing Fifth avenue on the left, and giving glimpses of the Conservatory 
Water, where the boys sail miniature yachts, and of Ward's fine statue 
of "The Pilgrim," a gift from the New England Society to commemorate 
the landing of the Pilgrims in 1620. This brings us back to the Terrace 
Bridge, and from here the route is to the Scholar's Gate over the way bj 
which we entered. 

A plan which will give a comprehensive seeing of the Park is to go 
over the carriage course as above to the Museum of Art, and then complete 
the trip on foot, from the Museum visiting the upper Reservoir near by, then 
the Obelisk, Belvedere, Ramble, Lake, Terrace and Mall. 

Entering by the 50TH street gate at Fifth, Sixth, Seventh or Eighth 
avenues, and following the main walk toward the center of the Park, we 
come shortly to the Mall, which is the central place of concourse in the 




AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY. 



CENTRAL PARK. 



95 





the chief architectural adorn- 



Park, a l)rna<I promenade flanked by 
green lawns and arched by double rows 
of majestic elms. These elms, with 
their vast cathedral aisles, constitute 
the most imposing feature of the Park, 
and they are by far the finesl thing 
New York has to show for trees The 
Mall statin^ near the low< r < .id are : a 
replica of Sunol's Columbus, which 
-lands on the Prado in Madrid: 
Shakespeare, by J. Q. A. Ward; Burns 
and Scott, by Steele, presented by resi- 
dent Scotchmen; Fitz-Greene Halleck. 
by Wilson MacDonald. On the lawn- 
west uf the Mall are Ward's "Indian 
Hunter" and Fratin's "Eagles and 
('mat." A colossal bust of Beethoven 
faces the music stand near the north 
end of the Mall, where concerts are 
tl on Saturday and Sunday after- 
noons in summer. The Mall terminates 
at the Terrace, which overlooks the 
Lake, and with its stairways, elaborately 
carved with fruits and flowers and birds, 
inent of the Park. Broad flights of steps lead down to an esplanade, in tin 
center of which is the Bethesda Fountain. It was designed by Fmma 
Stebbins; the central figure represents the angel of the Pool of Bethesda; 
the smaller figures typify Health. Peace, Temperance and Purity. The 
pleasure boats may he taken here or at the boat lionise near by for a trip 
around the Lake. From the Fountain, taking the walk to the left, following 
the Lake shore ami crossing the Bow Bridge, we come to the Ramble. 
whose winding paths lead to the lower Croton Reservoir. At the southwest 
corner of the Reservoir, on the high< st point of land in th< Park, stands the 
Belvedere, whose tower gives a wide outlook over the Park and its sur- 
roundings. Thr pro peel takes in the two reservoirs, St. Luke's Hospital 
in the north, the Palisad< s of the 1 [udson in the west and the hills of Long 
Island in the east. Skirting the Reservoir, we come to the Obelisk, which 
stamp on a knoll by the Easl Drive, near the Museum of \n. 

The Egyptian Obelisk is the objeel in the Park which many of us 
will esteem the one thing best worth seeing. Here we are face to face with 
antiquity. The monument was old when Moses read its inscriptions 
in honor of the Egyptian »un god; and to day it has behind it thirty-five 
centuries, during which, standing as an imperishable memorial of th. 
Pharaohs, it has -ecu kings and empires rise and flourish and pass into 
oblivion. The Obelisk stood before the Temple of the Sun in Heliopolis 
(the City of the Sunt, near Cairo, in Egypt, where it was erected in the 
sixteenth century P.. < '.. by Thothmes III., who reigned 1501 to 1565. Two 
hundred years later Ramses II. (1383 to 1322). the Pharaoh of the Bible, 
added to it inscriptions setting forth his own majesty; and four centuries 
after another Pharaoh, Osarkon I., who lived about one thousand years B.C., 



06 



NEW YORK. 



recorded his own name along with those of Thothmes and Ramses. Our 
Obelisk and a companion shaft remained standing in Heliopolis until 12 
B. C, when, Rome being mistress of the world, Augustus Caesar caused 
these monuments of the Pharaohs to be removed to Alexandria and there 
erected before the Temple of the Caesars. In the year 1877 the companion 
obelisk was removed to London and placed on the Thames Embankment. 
Tn the same year our Obelisk — known to the ancients first as Pharaoh's 
Needle and afterwards as Cleopatra's Needle — was presented by the 
Khedive of Egypt to the United States. 
1 It was brought to America by Lieut. - 
J Com. Henry H. Gorringe, U. S. N., and 
was erected on the present site in 1881. 
The cost of the removal was $102,576, 
which entire sum was contributed by 
William H. Vanderbilt. 

The Obelisk is a monolith, or single 
stone, of syenite, from the granite quar- 
ries of Syene, in Egypt, and it is so 
hard that modern stone-cutting instru- 
ments make no impression upon it. The 
shaft is 69K feet high, 7 feet 9 inches by 
7 feet 8J4 inches at the base, and weighs 
448,000 pounds. How the Egyptians 
quarried it, transported it a thousand 
miles from Syene to Heliopolis. and 
erected it there, is one of the unsolved 
mysteries of antiquity. 

The bronze crabs date from the time 
of Caesar. When the Obelisk was re- 
moved to Alexandria, the base was in- 
jured; to repair the damage melted lead 
was poured into the crevices, and four 
crabs were placed at the corners. Only 
two of the crabs have come down to 
us; they are preserved in the Museum 
of Art. The crabs now under the shaft 
were cast from these originals at the 
Brooklyn Navy Yard. The inscrip- 
tions on the claws in Greek and Latin 
were made by the Romans, to com- 
memorate the removal to Alexandria. 
They read : "Barbarus, Governor of 
Egypt, erected [this monument] in the 
eighteenth year of the reign of Caesar. 
Pontius was the architect." The sev- 
eral inscriptions on the other claws 
summarize the history of the Obelisk. 
The base and pedestal were brought 
from Alexandria. The gilded zinc cap 
was put on the apex in 1893. The en- 




EGYPTIAN OBELISK — EAST FACE. 



CENTRAL PARK. 



07 



tire stone has been coated with paraffine to protect it against the weather, 
for the American climate has proved to be injurious. 

fhe hieroglyphics of the north, south and east face- may for the most 
part still be read; those on the west face have been eaten away during the 
centuries by the blowing sand- of the Libyan desert. On each face the 
central vertical column is the original inscription of Thothmes 111.; the two 
side inscriptions are those of Ramses II.: and that of Osarkon I. is on the 
side near the lower edge. The Egypt ans worshipped the Sun as a god, and 



O 






)^j. 



u 

o 



±u 



5 A 



A] 



llll I UNTOUCHES OK NAMES OF THE PHARAOHS. 



regarded the king as the Sun's offspring, and thus a divinity on earth. The 
Pharaohs erected the obelisks in honor of the sun-god and of themselves. 
The sun-god Horus was symbolized by the sparrow hawk; and this is the 
figure which appears at the top of each column. The name of the king 
consists of a group of signs inclosed in an oval, called a cartouche; the 
names of kings which appear on the Obelisk may be identified as here 
shown. The inscriptions on the several faces are very much alike; those 
of the east face still :tand for all. The central column, beginning at the 
top, read- : 

The heavenly Horus, the powerful and glorious bull in Thebes, the lord of the 
Vulture and Uraeus diadems, whose kingdom is established as the sun in the 
heavens. He whom Turn, the lord of Heliopolis, has begotten; the son of his 
loins whom Thoth has brought forth; who was created by them in the great 
temple in the beauty of their limbs; who knew what he would do to establish 
an eternal kingdom. Thothmes 111., the king of Upper and Lower Egypt, beloved 
of the great god Turn and his circle of gods, who gives all life, stability and 
strength now and forever. 

Thus Thothmes. Then in his turn Ramses: 

The heavenly Horus, the powerful bull beloved of Ra. The king of Upper and 
Lower Egypt, Ramses 1 1., the Sun, the child of the gods. Master of two coun- 
tries, the Sun's offspring, Ramses II., a youth glorious, beloved like Aten when 
he shines in the horizon. The lord of the two countries, Ramses II., the Sun's 
offspring, Ramses 1 1., the glorious image of Ra, who gives life. 

Across the base, repeated four times, is the inscription: 

Long life to the gracious god — Ramses II. 
And then five hundred years after Thothmes and three hundred after 
Ramses, Osarkon added hi- name: 

The king of Upper and Lower Egypt, Osarkon I., the Sun's offspring, Osarkon I. 
Knnwledge of the hieroglyphic writing was lost in the early centuries of 
the Christian era, and for more than a thousand years the world could 



NEW YORK. 



not read the Obelisk inscriptions. In 1779 there was discovered at Rosetta, 
in Egypt, a slab of basalt which bore an inscription written in hiero- 
glyphics, and also in demotic and Greek, so that it was possible to interpret 
the hieroglyphics by the corresponding Greek, and this afforded the first 
clue to a reading of the Egyptian characters. Further research gradually 
recovered the entire language, and thus the Pharaonic inscriptions of the 
Obelisk have been made intelligible to the modern world. The famous 
Rosetta Stone is in the British Museum ; a cast of it may be seen in the 
Museum of Art (No. 50, Hall 6), where we shall find a large collection of 
Egyptian antiquities. 

For the Museum of Art sec page 100. The walk s°' n g northwest from 
the Museum and crossing the Drive leads to the upper Croton Reservoir, 
which is the retaining reservoir, the lower one being the receiving reservoir. 
The two cover an area of 143 acres, and have a capacity of 1.180,000,000 
gallons. The water is brought from the High Bridge aqueduct over the 
Harlem River, coming from the Croton watershed, forty miles north of 
the city in Westchester county. The walk around the upper Reservoir is a 
favorite promenade, giving many fine water views with the Park surround- 
ings and the near and distant 
towers and spires of the city. 
The upper Reservoir is the 
body of water in the Park 
best worth seeing. The lakes 
and ponds in the Park com- 
prise: The Lake, already re- 
ferred to ; pleasure boats ply 
on it, fare 10 cents, children 5 
cents. The Pond, near the 
south end. between Fifth and 
Sixth avenues. Conservatory 
Water, near the East 72d 
street gate ; an oval Pond on 
which incipient America's 
Cup defenders sail their 
boats; this is one of the most 
charming bits of the Park. 
Near by is the Lily Pond, in 
which are grown many vari- 
ties of water lilies. In the 
northern part are the Harlem 
Mere, the Pool and the dimin- 
utive Loch. In the west, near 
the 79th street gate, is a small 
pond, which is the home of 
numerous interesting water 
fowl. The swans on the Lake 
arc an ever-attractive feature. 
The Menagerie, at Fifth 
avenue and 64th street, has 
ward's "pilgrim." collections of birds, animals 




CENTRAL PARK. 



99 




and reptiles, in buildings and 
cages surrounding the old 
Arsenal. There are elephants, 
lions, tigers, bears, hippopot- 
ami, tapir, deer, elk. monkeys, 
eagles, ostriches and other 
birds, alligators, and various 
other specimens, the collec 
tion being usually augmented 
in winter by circus animals 
li ianed to the city. The graj 
squirrels, found everywhere 
in the Park, sometimes be 
come so numerous as to be a 
pest requiring abatement. 

The American Museum of 
Natural History, in Man 
hattan Square, at 77th street, 
may be visited as a part of the 
Park tour. For routes other 
wise, sec genera] lisl ol 
routes. The Museum is open 
from 9 to 5 130 1 5 in winter ) 
mi week da> s; 9 to s ( n Sal 
urday and Sunday : and from 
( )ct. 1 through the \\ inter on 
Tuesday and Saturday evenings to 10. Admission Monday and 'rue-day. 25 
cents: other day-, free, also free Tuesday and. Saturday evenings. * 

The present buildings form part of a group which will cover the entire 
square. The department- of the Museum embrace Geology Mineral-. Mam- 
mals and Birds, Vertebrate Palaeontology, Anthropology, Entomologj and 
Invertebrate Zoology. The collections in the several halls are ext 
and complete; from the stuffed effigy of the elephant Jumbo to microscopic 
specimens of beetles, the world of nature is lure presented, classify 1 and 
labeled for study. Among the most striking exhibits arc cases of taxi- 
dermy groups, exquisite representations of birds and mammal- amid their 
life surroundings; the forty eight groups of birds and twenty two of mam 
mals were produced at a cost of $45,000. Of bird specimens for study, the 
Museum possesses 60,000, and of mammals 20.000. In Entomology there 
are the Jesup collection of economic entomology, Elliot of 6600 buttei 
flies and moths, Angus of [3,000 butterflies, Edwards of 250.000 butterflies, 
Schaus of 5.000 moth-. Hoffman of 5,000 butterflies, a collection of 10,000 
beetles and a series illustrating insect architecture. North American for- 
estry is shown in the Jesup collection of woods, embracing more than 500 
specimen-; and of North American building stones there are 1.500. Gems 
and pearl- are shown in the famous Tiffany collection, presented by J. P. 
Morgan. There are more than 10.000 shells; and marine life i- illustrated 
by extensive series. In archaeology and ethnology there are collections from 
all parts of the world; the Christian Missions collections number thousands 
of objects illustrating the customs and domestic life of different races. 



Metropolitan Mi 



of Art. 



metropolitan museum of m. 

The Metropolitan Museum of Art occupies a site in Central Park, 
the imposing East Wing fronting on Fifth avenue, opposite 82d street. 
It is open every week day from 10 to 6 in summer, and 10 to 5 in winter; 
Saturday, 10 A. M. to 10 P. M. ; Sunday, 1 to 5. An admission fee of 
25 cents is charged on Monday and Friday in the day time. Admission 
is free on other days. On pay days one has the advantage of there 
being a smaller number of visitors; Saturdays and Sundays are as a 
rule unfavorable because of the crowds. 

The Museum is a private corporation, founded in 1870 by a number of 
public-spirited citizens, and managed by a board of trustees. The Mu- 
seum building was provided by the city. The Metropolitan is the largest 
and richest art museum in America; it is a vast storehouse of treasures in 
the several departments of the fine arts ; all times and all peoples have con- 
tributed to it, and we shall find material for endless study. The most 
advantageous way to see the Museum is to make a series of visits, devoting 
each one to a particular collection or group. The province of the Standard 
Guide is to indicate only in the most general way the scope of the collection. 
Visitors should use the catalogues which are sold in the hall near the 
entrance; that of the paintings costs 20 cents; the others 10 cents each. 

The central Grand Hall contains the Willard Collection of Archi- 
tectural Casts, reproducing details of the notable architecture of many 
periods. Conspicuous are the models, on a scale of one-twentieth of the 
original, of the Parthenon, the Pantheon, Notre Dame, and the Hypostyle 
Hall of Karnac. On the walls are two immense paintings, "Justinian in 
Council," by Benjamin-Constant, and "Diana's Hunting Party," by 
Makart. 

Sculptural Plaster Casts. — Halls 6 to 11 contain reproductions of 
sculpture. There are over 800 examples, beginning at a time 3,700 years B. 
C, and illustrating the development through the Egyptian, Assyrian, 
Persian, Greek, Roman and Mediaeval periods, and the Italian Renaissance. 
Here are the crude beginnings of antiquity and the noble works of the 
masters. Pheidias is represented by the sculptures of the Parthenon (Hall 
8) and Praxiteles by his world-renowned Aphrodite (No. 34 in Hall n). 
The Venus of Melos is in Hail 11. In Hall 8 the Galatian Warrior, the 
Herakles ("Torso of the Belvedere"), and the Laokoon group. The por- 
trait grave-monuments in Hall 8 have touching interest. "Archestrate 
greatly longed-for by her Husband" one is inscribed. In Hall 7 the Spi- 
nario, or Boy extracting a Thorn from his Foot always attracts attention. 

The Italian Renaissance subjects are in Hall 9, among them, Ghiberti's 
Door of the Baptistery at Florence. Donatellc's David, "Gattamelata," 
and Judith and Holofernes. Luca della Robbia's Dancing and Playing 
Children; and Assumption of the Virgin, in Hall 2. Michel- Angelo's 
David (No. 118), Moses (No. 131), Captive, wearied or musing (No. 132) ; 
Captive, struggling to burst his bond (No. 133), and the monumental figures 




.5 ^ 
« x 

E - 



2 S 



3 s 



toa NEW YORK. 

of the Tombs of the Medici in Florence — "Night" and "Day," "Evening" 
and "Dawn," and the portrait statues of Giuliano and Lorenzo, 
the last known as "II Pensiero" from the attitude of profound thought. 

In Halls 2 and 3 are wrought-iron work, bronzes and reproductions of 
bronzes. Macmonnies' Bacchante, which was intended for the Boston 
Public Library in the Hall of Sculpture, where is shown the Museum's 
extensive collection of modern works. Among notable works are Ruck- 
stuhl's Evening, Story's Medea, Cleopatra, and Semiramis; Bartlett's 
Bohemian Bear Tamer; the Two Natures of Man; Harriet Hosmer's 
7enobia ; Roger's Ruth and Nydia ; Millet's Ariadne; Prosper d'Epinay's 
.-".ippho, and many others. 

In the hails devoted to Egyptian Antiquities are sarcophagi and mum- 
my-cases; mummies of human beings, crocodiles, cats and the ibis; sculp- 
tures, scarabs, amulets, textile fabrics, and objects illustrating the domestic 
life and mortuary customs of the Egyptians, extending to a period nearly 
4000 B. C. The Cesnola Collection of Cypriote Antiquities consists of 
thousands of objects exhumed on the island of Cyprus, comprising stone 
sculptures, pottery and glass. There is also, in the entrance hall, the 
Marquand Collection of Glass — Phoenician, Greek. " Roman. Venetian 
and Florentine — which, with other glass, makes the Museum's collection 
unique and unrivalled. In other halls on the first floor are shown ancient 
armor, reproductions of bronze, and wood carvings. 

Galleries on the second floor contain the following collections: 
Balcony 3. The Morgan collection of Chinese porcelains. 
Balcony 4. Drawings and etchings by old masters. Tapestries. 
Gallery 8. Coles Gallery of Tapestries, Capo di Monte Ware, Vases. 
14-15. Reproductions in metal of objects in European museums. Oriental 
pottery. Glass. Tanagra figurines, Japanese ivories, sword guards, 
basket work. 

16. Greek, Roman, Etruscan antiquities. Goddess Cybele in chariot drawn 

by lions. Statue of Emperor Publius Septimus. Bronze Mirrors. 

17. Chinese Porcelain. 

18. Ellis collection of arms and armor. Suits of mail, swords, cross-bows, 

guns, pistols. 

19. Old laces. Presented by Mrs. John Jacob Astor and others. 
jo 21. Japanese porcelains and pottery. Note Dancing Demons. 

22. Gold and Silver Room. Engraved gems. Ornaments. Military 

medals and decorations. Babylonian seal cylinders. 
2^. Fans and textile fabrics. Lazarus Collection of Fans. 

24. European porcelains. Louis XVI vases, Portland Vase. 

25. 26, 27, 28. Crosby-Brown Collection of the Musical Instruments of All 

Nations. More than 2,500 instruments. 
29. Miscellaneous — Potteries. Ivories, bronzes, carvings. American an- 
tiquities. Buddhist sacred book. Hindu God Krishna. Chinese 
idols. Capo di Monte ware. Enamels. Medals. Siamese and 
Burmese coins. 
The Museum also possesses extensive collections of portraits, medals. 
and various historic relics of Washington, Franklin and Lafayette. 

)The Paintings, which fill eleven galleries on the second floor, number 
over 700, and comprise "examples of nearly all the important schools of 



104 NEW YORK. 

painting from Jan Van Eyck and Hubert Van Eyck (1390-1440) to the 
latest and most interesting of the modern painters." 

Of the 700 pictures it would be impossible to designate even in limited 
number those which for one quality or another deserve special attention. 
For our purpose it will be of practical aid to one whose time is limited to 
name some of the paintings which are most popular. The explanatory 
notes marked "C." are from the catalogue. 

Twenty-five of the most popular pictures in the Metropolitan 
Museum of Art. 

181. The Mystery of Life. Carl Marr. An old man tired of life, having 
courted death in every form without avail, discovers the lifeless 
form of a beautiful young girl on the shore, and cries in the agony 
and pity of his heart to his Maker to know why one so young and 
beautiful should be lost, and he, worn, weary and sad, allowed 
to live. — C. 

232. Washington Crossing the Delaware. Emanuel Leutze. On Dec. 
25, 1776. Washington determined to surprise the British at Trenton. 
Christmas night was selected for the enterprise. "The river was 
so full of floating ice that at first it was doubtful whether a crossing 
could be effected at all. A storm of sleet and snow had just com- 
menced, and the night became excessively dark and dreary. The 
perilous voyage began early in the evening in boats and bateaux, 
but it was nearly four in the morning before the little army was 
mustered on the Jersey shore." — C. 

235. Last Moments of John Brown. Thomas Hovenden. John Brown, 
the Abolitionist, having invaded Virginia with a band of fol- 
lowers for the purpose of liberating the slaves by inciting an 
insurrection, was condemned to death and hanged at Charleston, 
Va., Dec. 2, 1859. "He met his death with serene composure." 

247. Christopher Columbus at the Court of Ferdinand the Catholic 
and Isabella of Castile. Vacslav von Brozik (1852-1901). 

317. Peace and Plenty. George Inness. 

417. Religious Procession in Brittany. Jules Breton (1827 — ). In 
Brittany almost every saint has his special patronage and on his 
fete day a pilgrimage or pardon is celebrated, when indulgence for 
past sins is obtained. These pardons take place at fixed periods 
around about certain churches, but often in uncultivated fields, 
where tents are erected, and where the fete continues for several 
days, and is attended by thousands of the peasantry. — C. 
The Last Token— A Christian Martyr. Gabriel Max (1840 — ). 
"Lost." A. F. .A Schenck. 
Weaning the Calves. Rosa Bonheur. 
The Storm. ("Paul and Virginia." ) Pierre Auguste Cot. 
"Friedland, 1807." Meissonier. To A. T. Stewart, who purchased 
the picture, the artist wrote: "I did not intend to paint a battle— 
I wanted to paint Napoleon at the zenith of his glory; I wanted 



448 
45i 
499 

525 
S93 



METROPOLITAN MUSEUM OF ART. 105 

to paint the love, the adoration, of the soldiers for the great Cap- 
tain in whom they had faith, and for whom they were ready to 
die." "Friedland" was purchased at the Stewart sale for $66,000 
by Judge llcnn Hilton, and by him presented to the Museum. 

600. L' Attentat d'Anagni. Allien Maignan. Boniface VIII., a native of 
Anagni, was elected Pope in [294. Philip the Fair, of France, 
resisted his authority in spiritual matters, and compelled him to 
take refuge in his native town. Hither lie was pursued. The 
picture represents the moment when Boniface says to his assailants. 
"Here is my tuck: here is my head: strike! but I will die Pope." 
Boniface was thrown into prison, and though liberated by the 
people "f Anagni, died within a month. — C. 

615. Woodland and Cattle. F. A. Bonheur. (A brother of Rosa Bon- 
heur. ) 

618. Tin Defense of Champigny. Edouard Detaille. An episode of 
the Franco-Prussian War. 

622. The Vintage. Leon Augustin L'hermitte. 

0^4. The Balloon. Julien Dupre. 

044. Tin I)i\iii 01 \ Vendean Chief. Robert Wylie. The picture 
depicts an incident in the romantic insurrection of the inhabitants 
of La Vendee, France, .March ijo.^. to March. 1796, against the 
over-harsh interference of the revolutionists with the rights of 
their simple community. — C. 

654. The Hunter's Story. A. Glisenti. The picture represents one of 
the peculiar customs of a certain part of Italy — the collection of a 
bounty of eggs from neighbors keeping hens, by one who has killed 
a fox. — C. 

686. Tiik Poa< her's Death. Karl Wilhelm Hubner. 

694. Peter Sonnavater \m> Master Knit's Opprobrious Entry into 
Sic kiioi \i. in [526. G <'. Hellquist. The two Swedish Bishops, 
after their unsuccessful rebellion against Gustavus 1.. sought refuge 
with the Archbishop Olaf, but he treacherously betrayed them to 
tin- Kind's servants, who, dressing them in rags, and putting a 
crown of straw on Sonnavater's head, and a mitre of birch-bark on 
Knut's, mounted them on starving horses and brought them 
through [Jpsala tn Stockholm in a Shrove tide procession, amidst 
jeers and insults. They were led to the market-place, ami. after 
drinking to the executioner*- health, were broken on the wheel. — C. 

706. Tin Horsi Fair. Rosa Bonheur. This is the original picture, which 
is so well known from numerous reproductions. It was purchased 
at the Stewart sale in 1SS7 for $55,500 by Cornelius Vanderbilt, and 
by him presented to the Museum. 

713. A Quartette. Wm. 'I". I >ai at. 

716. Boatmen \r Barcelona. V. D. Baixeras. 

721. Diana's Hunting Party. Hans Makart. 

723. Justinian in Council. Jean Joseph Benjamin-Constant. On canvas 
21 feet 6 inches by [2 feel _• inches. Justinian I., surnamed the 
Great, was a Byzantine Emperor of the sixth century. The glory 
of his reign is the famous digesl of Roman law known generally 
as the Justinian < 



Herald and times Squares. 



Two points which are of interest because of recent and rapid develop- 
ment as business, hotel and amusement centers, are Herald and Times 
Squares. Both are to have in the immediate future vastly increased im- 
portance by reason of their close connection with the several tunnel and 
rapid transit systems of communication now under construction; and in 
anticipation of the new condition thus to be created, real estate transactions 
and building operations of amazing magnitude are transforming these 
two points in a way comparable only to the changes wrought in the sky- 
scraper districts of the lower part of Manhattan Island. Department stores 
of proportions heretofore unknown have been built; and tens of millions of 
dollars have been invested in hotels and theaters. 

Herald Square, at the intersection of Broadway and Sixth avenue, 33d 
and 36th streets, takes its name from the Herald Building, which is its 
most beautiful architectural adornment. It was formerly called Greeley 
Square, after Horace Greeley, whose statue is here; there is also a statue of 
William E. Dodge, a New York merchant. The terminal station of the 
Pennsylvania Railroad will occupy four blocks between Seventh and Ninth 
avenues, one block west from Herald Square, and the Long Island Railroad 
Tunnel will have its station here. In the near future the rapid transit tun- 
nel may be extended from 426 street south under Broadway, with a station 
in Herald Square. On the west are the Macy and the Saks stores. The 
small plot of ground on the corner of 34th street, making a jog in the 
Macy building, has an interesting history. The plot contains only 1,154 
square feet. The Macys wanted it, to complete their site, but refused to pay 
the price demanded. It was bought for $375,000, or at the rate of $324.95 per 
square foot, by Henry Siegel, who has rented it with a $40,000 four-story 
building on it, for twenty years at an annual rental of $40,000, or 5% on 
$800,000. On the east side of the Square the Broadway Tabernacle, for 
many years one of the best known pulpits of New York, was in 1901 sold 
for $1,300,000; and on the site a twenty-story hotel is building, to cost with 
the ground $3,000,000. The Tabernacle has built a new edifice at Broadway 
and 56th street. 

The Herald Building. — In Herald Square at West 35th street and the 
intersection of Broadway and Sixth avenue, the New York Herald occupies 
a building which is one of the architectural adornments of the city. The 
style is of the early Italian Renaissance, the exterior is profusely covered 
with decoration most delicate in design, and among the conspicuous features 
are the unbroken roof and the colonnades of the first story. The purpose of 
the colonnades is to give public view of the Herald printing, and we shall 
find here one of the interesting sights of New York. On the Sixth avenue 

106 




IE 

i a \ rij 

i it * fitijjt, 

r ii i i 





THE TIMES BUILDING. 
Copyright, 1906. by Irving Underbill. 



io8 



NEW YORK. 




THE HERALD BUILDING. 



side may be seen the process of preparing the plates for the press. In brief, 
it is this : When the flat form of type making a page is received from the 
composing room upstairs, a papier-mache mold is made of it. The paper 
mold, bent to the shape of a half-cylinder, forms a matrix, in which is cast 
the printing plate of type-metal, curved to the proper shape to fit the 
cylinders of the press. From the Broadway colonnade we may see the 
printing plates fastened on to the press cylinders, and the presses in opera- 
tion. The paper is fed from rolls into one end of the press, and comes out 
at the other end printed, pasted, cut, folded and counted. The largest 
press has a capacity of 5,000 four-page papers per minute, 300.000 per hour; 
or 2,500 eight-page papers per minute or 150,000 per hour. When we have 
watched the Herald presses we have seen one of the mechanical marvels of 
the age. From 9 to 12 in the morning visitors are escorted through the 
building. 

Times Square, at the intersection of Broadway and Seventh avenue, 
from 42d street to 47th street, takes its name from the twenty-five-story 
building of the New York Times, which dominates the district and is one 
of the most conspicuous architectural monuments of the town. The 
Square is a center of great hotels and amusement places. On the corner 
of 42d street is the fourteen-story Hotel Knickerbocker, built by Col. John 
Jacob Astor at a cost of $4,500,000; and two blocks above on the west 
side is the Hotel Astor, owned by William Waldorf Astor, and costing, 
together with the site, $5,000,000. 



Riverside Drive. 



A district of much interest is the plateau north of noth street, on the 
West Side, between the Hudson River and Morningside Park. It contains 
Grant's Tomb on Riverside Drive, and Columbia University and the 
Cathedral of St. John the Divine on Morningside Heights. These several 
points may be visited in connection, A convenient method is to go by 
the Park stage line from 7_'d street on Riverside Drive to Grant's Tomb, 
then to walk to Columbia and the Cathedral, and return by Amsterdam 
avenue or Broadway (Boulevard) car. See list of routes elsewhere. 

Riverside Park, which begins at 72d street, extends along the slopes 
and bluffs of the Hudson for three miles to 130th street, forming what Sir 
Henry Irving has pronounced the most magnificent residential avenue in 
the world. It was a park in nature; and for the most part the natural 
contours have been preserved, with many of the trees of the original forest. 
Along the bluff, which in places attains an elevation of 130 feet, runs River- 
side Drive, one of the grandest and most beautiful urban drives in the 
world. It gives a succession of picturesque views of the Hudson and the 
Palisades, and is lined on the east with fine houses. The "Riverside Sec- 
tion" is one of the high-class residential districts. On the south side of 
89th street is the home of Isaac L. Rice; on the north side that built by 
Mrs. Alfred Corning Clark, now Mrs. Bishop Potter; at ooth street, the 
home of John H. Matthews, the soda water manufacturer; 100th street, 
Peter Doelger, the brewer ; I02d street, the house with a glass room on the 
second floor, Mrs. Bertha Foster, whose husband made a fortune from a 
patent glove hook; 108th street, S. G. Bayne, President of the Seaboard 
National Bank. The New York Orpnan Asylum plot fronting the Drive, 
from 73d to 74th streets, was acquired in 1901 by Charles M. Schwab, 
President of the United States Steel Corporation, who paid for it $860,000, 
and here Mr. Schwab has built at a reported cost of $2,000,000 one of the 
most magnificent residences in America. 

At 89th street is the Soldiers' and Sailors' Monument, to commemorate 
the citizens of New York who had part in the Civil War. The structure is 
modeled upon the choragic monuments of ancient Athens ; it is a circular 
building of pure white marble, with a peristyle of twelve Corinthian col- 
umns, 35 feet high. It was provided by the city at a cost of $250,000, and 
was dedicated in 1902. 

A copy of Houdon's statue of Washington, a gift from the school 
children of the ritv. stands at 80th street. The boat house of 
Columbia is on the river bank at 115th street. Across the open fields at 
ti6th street arc seen the buildings of Columbia University and Barnard 
College, and shortly beyond we come to the ascent upon which rises the 
Tomb <<i General ('.rant. The spot is one of natural grandeur and beauty 
of surroundings. The bluff rises 130 feet above the river, and is clothed 
with great forest trees, good to look upon, and through the openings giv- 
ing many lovely vistas. Below is the broad expanse of the Hudson, 
animated here and there with sail and steam; opposite are the green 
slopes of New Jersey, with the Palisades stretching away to the north until 
they soften in the distance and merge in the purple haze. The view look- 

109 



NEW YORK. 





soldiers' and sailors' monument, riverside drive. 

ing up the Hudson from Claremont is justly famous. It would have been 
difficult to find a grander site than this one on Riverside Drive for the 
monumental pile which New York has erected here to the memory of 
the great General. 

This point of the Drive has retained the name of Claremont, from an 
old family mansion, which stands north of the Tomb, and is now the 
Claremont Inn restaurant. Beyond the Claremont slopes the east drive 
circles and returns on the west side of the Tomb. A steel viaduct one-third 
of a mile in length spanning Manhattan Valley provides for a northern 
extension of the Drive to a connection with the Harlem Speedway, which 
gives a continuous elevated boulevard for a distance of ten miles along 
the Hudson and the Harlem. Ultimately the Riverside Drive will be ex- 
tended to connect with Boulevard Lafayette. 



Grant's Comb. 



Grant's Tomb is on Riverside Drive at 123d street. For routes see else- 
where. It is open daily, Sunday included, from 10. to 5. The monument 
occupies a commanding site overlooking the Hudson, and is itself a con- 
spicuous object in the river views. It was designed by John H. Duncan ,and 
is constructed of white granite from Maine, with white marble interior. 
The proportions are imposing. The square structure is 90 feet on the side 
and 72 feet in height ; the circular cupola with Ionic columns is 70 feet in 
diameter, and the dome rises 150 feet from the ground. The apex of the 
monument is 280 feet above the river. From the plaza on the south side 
steps 70 feet wide ascend to the portico, which has double lines of Doric 
columns before the entrance, with its massive, bronze doors. Above the 
portico two sculptured figures by J. Massey Rhind, emblematic of Peace 
and War, flank a panel, on which are inscribed t'he words: Let us have 
peace.* The decorative scheme provides for bronze statues and groups on 
the portico, parapet and dome. 

The interior plan is cruciform, 76 feet between the walls. The four 
great piers of the rotunda carry arches whose crowns are 50' feet from 
the floor; the circular gallery, supported by the arches, is 40 feet in diam- 
eter; the dome rises 105 feet above the floor. In the pendentives sculptured 
reliefs by Rhind symbolize Youth, Military Life, Civil Life and Death. In 
small rooms surrounding the rotunda stands of battle flags will lend a 
touch of color. The hush of the vast chamber, the mellowed light and ths 
simplicity and dignity of the architectural plan and details combine to give 
solemnity to the place. 

Through a circular opening in the floor the sarcophagus is seen in the 
crypt directly beneath the center of the dome. It is of polished red porphyry 
from Montello, Wis., and is supported upon a pedestal of granite from 
Quincy, Mass. Upon the lid is the name Ulysses S. Grant. The com- 
panion sarcophagus, a counterpart in material and design, was here provided 
in compliance with an expressed wish of General Grant that Mrs. Grant 
should lie by his side. 

General Grant died at Mount McGregor, July 23, 1885. The remains 
lay in state in the New York City Hall, and were viewed by 300,000 
people before being conveyed to the temporary tomb at Riverside. The 
funeral was the grandest pageant New York has seen. The procession 
was eight miles in length, and it was estimated that an assemblage of 
a million people lined the route. 

The Tomb was built with a fund raised by the Grant Monument Asso- 
ciation ; there were 90,000 contributors, and the fund with accrued interest 

•This was the concluding sentence of General Grant's letter of May 29, 1868, accepting 
the nomination for the Presidency. It was the expression of his earnest desire for 
reconciliation between the North and the South. The historic phrase was well chosen 
for perpetuation here. The Civil War was a conflict between brothers; its termination 
meant the restoration of their union. It is fitting, then, that this monument to the 
General, who commanded the victorious Union armies, should have inscribed upon it 
not a record of his triumphs over the enemy, but the sentiment which he himself 
uttered, significant of the end for which the battle had been fought — the "peace" of 
reconciled and reunited brothers — a peace the realization of which has made> Grant's 
achievements and fame the heritage of a common country. 



^/IsK Mr. Foster 

About New York, Washington, 
Philadelphia, Atlantic City 

or about Anything at 

Any time about 
Any place 
Anywhere 

He probably knows 

FOR fifteen years I have been giving information. It is my business. I have 
studied out all the details and I have gathered about me a trained force of 
enthusiastic assistants who love their work and know how to do it. We give 
information that is definite, complete, satisfactory. 

C| Our information has been gotten, to a great extent, through personal visitation. 
We are, therefore, able to tell you just what you want to know. 
<J I know New York and can tell you what to see, and how to see it, with the 
greatest economy of time and money. 

^ I will arrange for your sight-seeing trips by carriage, taxicab, automobile, sight- 
seeing cars and yachts, or trolleys. I will tell you of the theatre attractions and se- 
cure seats for you. I can help you in your shopping, for I know where to go for the 
best of everything at the most reasonable prices. I know the wholesale and manu- 
facturing business of New York, and can tell you where to find anything you want. 
I can tell you of nearby places of interest, and how to reach them. I know Boston, 
Philadelphia, Washington and other cities, the winter and summer resorts, and the 
routes thither. 

•I We will write out your itinerary in detail, giving exact information concerning the 
services of steamers and railway lines, how and where connections are made, and 
which are desirable stopping places. 

€J We will tell you of the character, situation and prices of hotels everywhere. 
{J We will supply you with folders, maps, schedules, booklets and other informative 
literature concerning travel everywhere throughout the world. 

<jl We will give you personal cards of introduction, and, if you desire it, we will en- 
gage your hotel accommodations in advance. 

€]] My offices are especially well equipped for supplying satisfactory data concerning 
automobile tours. We will tell you the condition of the roads, the location of good 
inns and garages. We will make suggestions for nearby runs or long distance tours 
and will supply maps, tour-books and other needful things. Tourists report to us 
daily on road conditions and other matters, so that my offices are clearing houses for 
automobile information — all at your service. 



1} I have spent much time and effort in obtaining by personal viiitation, reliable in- 
formation about schools and summer and winter camps. I know of good schools in 
Europe, of educational tours and of winter camps and schools in Florida. I will be 
glad to supply descriptive literature and to aid you in selecting the school or camp 
for your son or daughter. 

•J Inquiries by mail receive the same careful attention as when made in person. If 
you are about to visit New York, Philadelphia, Atlantic City or Washington, and 
wish accommodations reserved at any hotel, write me. I will attend to all details and 
see that you are comfortably situated at whatever price you want to pay. I will 
make purchases for you anywhere in New York. If there is anything you want and 
you do not know where to find it ^i^K. Mr. Foster. I will find it for you. 
I will do any shopping you wish done and do it carefully and economically. 
€J And there will be no charge of any sort. No fees are asked or ever accepted. 

No matter where 
You wish to go, 
No matter what 
You want to know, 

you will find it to your advantage and a matter of economy v both of time and money, to 

^/I^K. Mr. Foster 



<I My New York office is in the Metropolitan Tower, No. 1 Madison Avenue. 
^ I have Information Offices also in other cities and in summer and winter resorts. 



Mr. Foster's Information Offices : 



NEW YORK 

In the Metropolitan Tower, No. 1 Madison 
Avenue. 

PHILADELPHIA 

In the Acker Quality Shop, Chestnut and 
1 2th Streets. 

WASHINGTON 

503 1 4th Street, next Pennsylvania Avenue, 
Opposite Willard's Hotel. 

ATLANTIC CITY 

Foster Building, Boardwalk, in front of Hotel 
Dennis. 

BRETTON WOODS (White Mountains) 
In Lobby of Hotel Mount Washington. 

CHICAGO 

53 East Congress Street, Opposite the 
Auditorium. 



JACKSONVILLE, Fla. 

In Hotel Seminole. 
ST. AUGUSTINE, Fla. 

Cordova Building. 
DAYTONA, Fla. 

Beach Street. 
SEABREEZE, Fla. 

In Clarendon Hotel. 
PALM BEACH, Fla. 

Facing Hotel Royal Poinciana. 
MIAMI, Fla. 

Foster Building. 
ST. PETERSBURG, Fla. 

Central Avenue and 2d Street. 
HAVANA, CUBA. 

Corner Prado and Central Park. 



CAMAGUEY, Cuba, Hotel Camaguey. 



GRANT'S TOMB. 




GRANT'S TOMB. 



»HOTO CL • 



aggregated $600,000. Hi. cornerstone was laid bj President Harrison \,»,.i 
27, 1892. Sealed in it were copi< - of the Declaration of Independence Con- 
stitution of the I nited States and Articles of Confederation; a Bible, the 
Memoirs" of General Grant, an American flag, badges of the Grand Arm, 
of the Republic and the Loyal Legion, and eleven medab struck in UniteH 
States mints in commemoration of events in General Grant's life. On 
April 27, r8Q7, the seventy fifth anniversa..- of General Grant's birth, the 
monument was dedicated with imposing ceremonies, a military, naval and 
civ.c parade in which 50,000 men were in line, an address by President 



ii4 NEW YORK. 

McKinley, and an oration by Gen. Horace Porter, President of the Grant 
Monument Association. 

Among the earliest contributors to the monument fund had been the 
Chinese statesman, Li Hung Chang, between whom and General Grant a 
friendship had existed since their meeting in China during the General's 
trip around the world. Every year after Gener?l Grant's death Li Hung 
Chang had sent to the Chinese Minister at Washington a wreath to be 
placed at the tomb. When Li was in the United States in 1896 he visited 
the temporary tomb at Riversid" and laid upon the sarcophagus a wreath 
of smilax, laurel and orchids. The following year he sent a gingko tree, to 
be planted here ; it is on the north side of the Tomb, and the bronze tablet 
ecords in Chinese and English texts:* 

This tree is planted at the side of the tomb of General U. S. Grant, ex- President 
of the United States of America, for the purpose of commemorating his great- 
ness, by Li Hung Chang, Guardian of the Prince, Grand Secretary of State, 
Earl of the First Order Yang Hu, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipo- 
.entiary of China, Vice President of the Board of Censors. Kwang Hsu, 23rd 
year, 4th moon, May, 1897. 

Near Grant's Tomb, on the edge of the bluff, is a little monument mark- 
ing the grave of "an amiable child." The inscriptions have been blurred by 
the passing of a hundred years, but we may read them still : 

Erected to the memory of an amiable child. St. Claire Pollock, died 15 July, 

1797, in the 5 year of his age. 

Man that is born of a woman is of few years and full of trouble. He cometh 

forth like a flower and is cut down; he fleeth also as a shadow and continueth not. 
At the time referred to this was called Strawberry Hill, and was the 
country home of George Pollock, a New York merchant. Shortly there- 
after Mr. Pollock failed in business, war forced to sell his Strawberry 
Hill property, and went to England. In a letter which he wrote thence to 
Mrs. Gulian C. Verplanck, under date of Jan. 18, 1800, we have this record 
of the child's grave: 

There is a small enclosure near your boundary fence within which lie the remains of 
a favorite child, covered by a marble monument. . . The surrounding ground will 
tall into the hands of I know not whom, whose prejudice or better taste may remove 
the monument and lay the enclosure open. You will confer a peculiar and interesting 
favor upon me by allowing me to convey the enclosure to you, so that you will con- 
sider it a part of your own estate, keeping it, however, always enclosed and sacred. 
There is a white marble funeral urn prepared to place on the monument which will 
not lessen its beauty. I have long considered those grounds as of my own creation 
having selected them when wild, and brought the place to its present form. Having 
so long and so delightfully resided there, I feel an interest in it that I cannot get 
rid of but with time. 

It is an extremely curious and interesting circumstance that the little 
grave, which was in 1800 the subject of a father's solicitude, should have 
endured through the vicissitudes of a hundred years, and been preserved 
amid the changes which have converted the remote country seat of Straw- 
berry Hill into the Riverside Park of to-day — the spot of isolated seclusion 
into a place of thronging thousands. More suggestive still is that chance 
of time which has brought into juxtaposition here on Riverside Drive the 
magnificent Tomb of the great General — a nation's shrine, and the humble 
grave of "an amiable child," who died more than a century ago "in the 5 
year of his age." 

*With the gingko or maidenhair (Salisburia adiantifolia) was planted as a companion 
tree a Chinese cork tree (Phellodendron amurense). 



morningside Rcigbts. 

Columbia University is on Morningside Heights, between Broadway and Amster- 
dam avenue, 116th to 120th street. 

President Seth Low of Columbia University called the Morningside 
Heights the "Acropolis of the New World" ; and to make good the name 
has crowned the plateau with the Low Memorial Library, pure Greek in 
design and with Pallas Athene at the threshold. The Library was given by 
President Low as a memorial of his father, Abiel Abbott Low, a citizen of 
Brooklyn and merchant of New York. The Library fronts on 116th street 
and is approached by the South Court, which is the principal entrance to 
the University grounds. The court is 350 by 130 feet, and consists of a 
paved esplanade, with granite wall and balustrade on three sides, and great 
Italian stone vases, fountains, flowers and shrubs, and broad steps 
leading up to the Library grade, 10 feet above the street. It is in the 
Italian style, and is an architectural feature unique in America. The two 
Irish yews, one on each side of the stairway, were brought to America 
more than a century ago, and were transplanted here from the old college 
site in 40th street. The flag standard was presented by Lafayette Post, No. 
140, G. A. R. The Library building, of Indiana limestone on a granite 
base, cost $1,500,000. and is considered one of the purest examples of 
classical Greek architecture in America. The plan is that of a Maltese 
cross, the central feature being the rotunda, vaulted by the immense dome. 
A panel above the portico contains the record of Columbia's past: 

King's College, founded in the Province of New York by royal charter in the 
reign of George II. Perpetuated as Columbia College by the people of the State 
of New York, when they became free and independent: maintained and cherished 
from generation to generation for the advancement of the public good and the 
glory of Almighty God. 

In the Library is treasured the old iron crown that once formed the finial 
of King's College. With its 285.000 volumes the Library ranks fourth in 
value of book collections in this country. The reading room is open to 
the public daily and at night. 

The group of buildings of which the Library is the center will number 
fifteen. Those completed are the Engineering Building, Earl, Havemeyer, 
Schermerhorn and Fayerweather Halls, and the first story of University 
Hall, which when completed will contain a gymnasium, a theater and a 
dining hall. The University grounds of eighteen acres cost $2,000,000. The 
Campus, at the north end of the grounds, with its groves of oaks and chest- 
nut-, is surrounded with a massive iron fence: this has on the Broadway 
side a bronze gate, which is a memorial of Herbert Mapes ('90 Arts and '92 
Mines), who shortly after graduation sacrificed his life in an endeavor to 
rescue two girls from death by drowning. 

Columbia occupies historic ground. Embedded in the masonry of the 
Engineering Building on the Broadway side is a bronze tablet erected by 
the Sons of the Revolution— 

To commemorate the Battle of Harlem Heights, won by Washington's troops on 
this site, September 16, 1776. 

The relief pictures the charge of the Rangers and riflemen under Major 
Andrew Leitch, of Virginia, and Colonel Thomas Knowlton, of Connecti- 
116 



MQRNINGSIDE HEIGHTS. 



117 



cat. Lcitcli is represented as fallen, and Knowlton with waving sword 
encouraging his nun. Both were mortally wounded in the charge, Knowl- 
ton bequeathing to us his dying declaration, "I do not value my life if we 

but get the day." In the main battle winch followed, on the plateau which 
lies to the west, the Americans did "get the day" in the face of superior 
numbers, and won a victory which inspired la-tiuLc courage and confidence 
in tin Patriol army. 

Across Broadwaj from Columbia i- Barnard College, fur women, the 
three halls — Fisk, Milhank and Brinkerhoff forming an attractive quad- 
rangle on 1 Kith street. The College took it- name from Dr. Charles 
Barnard, a former President of Columbia; it i- a department of the 
University. Hamilton Court, a dormitory for Columbia -indents, with 
room- for t.ooo, is on Amsterdam avenue northeast of the University 
grounds. The Columbia Boat House on the 1 [udson at the foot of 1 15th St. 
was given by Edwin Could. .1 graduate ol [888. The athletic field is at 
Williamsbridge. The College of Physicians and Surgeons, a department of 
Columbia, i- on West 59th -n 

Teai nri:- Coi i 1 '.1 , opposite Columbia, at 120th street, is for the training 
of teacher-. It wa founded in [886 by Miss Crace Dodge, and is now a 
pari of Columbia University. The Horace Mann School is a large private 
school conducted in connection with the College. Visitors are welcome 
from Monday to Friday inclusive, in the College from 9 to *, and in the 
School from g to 1. The Kindergarten hour- for visitors are g to 1 on 
Tuesday and Thursday. Visitors from a distance will be received at other 
times. 




lloMK OF CHARLES M. SC 11 W AH— RIVERSIDE DRIVE. 



n8 



NEW YORK. 




CATHEDRAL OF ST. JOHN THE DIVINE. 
From the original architects' drawing. Courtesy of Heins & La Farge. 

The Cathedral of St. John the Divine (Protestant Episcopal) is 
building on Cathedral Heights, a name which has been given to the southern 
end of Morningside Heights, between Morningside Park and Amsterdam 
avenue. The site, which embraces three city blocks, from noth to 113th 
streets, cost $850,000. The cornerstone was laid in 1892; the Belmont 
Chapel has been finished, and the whole structure will be built in from 
forty to fifty years, at an estimated cost of $6,000,000. The architects are 
Heins & La Farge. 

The Cathedral will face the west. The exterior length will be 520 feet, 
width of front 172 feet, across the transepts 290 feet. Of the seven towers, 
the four on the sides will be 158 feet, the two in front 284 feet, and the 
central tower will rise 445 feet from floor to top of cross. The nave will 
be 180 feet long, the chancel vault 115 feet high. Thus it is seen that the 
Cathedral will surpass any ecclesiastical edifice in America, and in its 
dignity of design, grandeur of proportions and superb situation, will take 
rank with the great cathedrals of the Old World. 

At the suggestion of Bishop Potter, there will be surrounding the Choir 
seven Chapels of Tongues, in which Sabbath services will be held in seven 
different languages. The German Chapel will be the first one built. 

A feature of the Choir will be the eight pillars surrounding the three 



MORNINGSIDE HEIGHTS. 



119 




ST. I.VKK S IHlSriTAL. 



sides of the altar: these will be mammoth monoliths of polished Maine 
granite, each one 54 feet 6 inches high and 6 feet in diameter, and weighing 
1 jo t"ii>. These are building stones surpassed only by the 60-foot columns 
in the Cathedral of St. Isaac in St. Petersburg. The cost of the eight 
pillars in position will be $200,000. 

The Crypt, which was quarried out of the solid rock, lias been com- 
pleted, and services are held in it on Sunday. The Crypt is open to 
visitors on Tuesdays, Thursday- and Saturdays from 4 to 6 P. M. For 
visit- at other times parties of five or more may arrange with the sexton, 
C. F. Barnard, at noth streel and Amsterdam avenue. There is no admis 
sion fee at any time. The Crypl contains the Tiffany Chapel, which 
attracted so much attention at the World's Fair at Chicago. On the walls 
are hung two of the eighl Barberini tape-tries which will he used tor the 
mural adornment of the completed Cathedral, They picture "Scene- from 
the Life of Christ." The two in the Crypt arc •'The Visit of the Wis,- Men" 
and -"The Resurrection." These tapestries were among the weaves of the 
celebrated Papal tapestry manufactory, founded by Cardinal Barberini at 
Rome in 1633, under patronage of Pope Urban VIII. They were intended 



120 NEW YORK. 

for the Barberini Palace, and remained in the Barberini family until, a few 
years ago, the Princess Barberini was induced to sell them to provide a 
dowry for a daughter. They were purchased for $75,000 by Mrs. Elizabeth 
U. Coles, and by her were bequeathed to the Cathedral. 

Opposite the Cathedral grounds on 113th street is St. Luke's Hospital, 
Protestant Episcopal, one of the noble institutions of the city. 



Cbe fiarlem River and Beyond 

The Harlem River, seven miles long, separates Manhattan Island from 
the mainland. It connects the Hudson with the East River and Long 
Island Sound, and Congress has made it a ship canal for approach to the 
Sound without going through Hell Gate. For much of its course it flows 
through a picturesque valley, and the natural attractions, together with the 
great bridges which span the river, make it a popular resort. All the 
points here named are on the west side of the city. 

The Viaduct at 155th street, four-fifths mile long, which connects Wash- 
ington Heights, by way of the Central Bridge, with Jerome avenue, was 
built at a cost of $2,000,000, and ranks as one of the greatest of the engi- 
neering works of its class. Below the Viaduct, on Eighth avenue, are the 
New York ball grounds. On the crest of Washington Heights, north of the 
Viaduct, is seen the Jumel Mansion. 

The Jumel Mansion, a fine example of Colonial architecture, at 160th 
Street near Amsterdam Avenue, is the most famous historic house on 
Manhattan Island. It was built in 1763 by Roger Morris, the husband 
of that Mary Philipse, for whose hand the young Virginia Colonel, 
George Washington, is said to have been an unsuccessful suitor. When 
'he Revolutionary War began, Roger Morris, who had resigned a 
Lieutenant-Colonelcy in the British Army and who was then a member 
of the King's Council for the Colonies, fled the country, taking ship for 
England in May, 1775. Mrs. Morris remained in possession of the 
Mansion and of her town house at the corner of Stone Street and White 
Hall. General Washington took the Mansion for his headquarters on 
his retreat from New York and occupied it for thirty-six days. The 
great salon in the extension was his Council Chamber and the rear 
room above was his bedroom. The house fell into the hands of the 
British with the capture of Fort Washington and was the headquarters 
of General Sir Henry Clinton in the summer of 1777, and of Lieut-Gen. 
Baron von Knyphausen in 1778. After the war it was a tavern on the 
Albany stage road, the first stopping place out of New York, where the 
first change of horses was made. The house was then known as Calumet 
Hall. It was a farm house in 1790, when General Washington gave a 
dinner in the old house to his Cabinet officers and their ladies. Among 
his guests were Alexander Hamilton and Mrs. Hamilton, John Adams 
and Abigail Adams, his wife, General and Mrs. Knox, Thomas Jefferson 
and Mrs. Tobias Leer. The estate, comprising the Mansion and thirty- 
six acres of land, were bought in 1810 by Stephen Jumel, a rich French 
merchant, from Leonard Parkinson, for a little less than $10,000. M. 
Jumel was an ardent admirer of Washington, and he devoted his money 
and his energy to restoring the house to what it had been in Washing 



HARLEM RIVER AND BEYOND. 




ton's time, lie had the old green Colonial paper reproduced in France 
and restored to the walls of the Council Chamber, where it hung alto- 
gether for 120 years. In 1815 he went to France in his own ship, the 
"Eliza," named after his wife, who accompanied him, with the purpose 
of bringing hack Napoleon to the house that had sheltered Washington. 
The Emperor was unable to accept the hospitality of M. Jumel, but he 
gave to the Jumels his traveling carriage and his campaigning trunk. 
I lu- Egyptian Cyprus trees, now standing at the corner of St. Nicholas 
Avenue and 159th Street, which had just been given to Napoleon by 
the Khedive of Egypt, were sent to America by M. Jumel in 1815. After 
the death of her husband, .Madame Jumel married Aaron Burr, but soon 
divorced him. She was a famous historical character, who used to 
drive in a coach and four with postillii ms. She entertained such famous 
guests as Lafayette, Louis Napoleon, Joseph Bonaparte and Jerome Bona- 
parte. She died in 1N05. The house is owned by the city, and with the 
grounds i^ included in the park system. It is in the care of the Wash 
ington Headquarters' Association of the Daughters of the American 
Revolution and contains a museum of Revolutionary relics. It is open 
to visitors on every day in the year from 9 o'clock A. M. to 5 P. M. 
The nearest station on the Subway i> at 156th Street and Broadway, and 
by the Elevated at 155th Street. 

High Bridce. at Wesl [75th street, carries across the Harlem the origin tl 
Croton aqueduct, which brings the city water from Croton River and Lake 
in Westchester county. The bridge is 1,460 feet in length : the crown of the 
highest of the fourteen arches is 116 feet above the river. The bridge 
footway affords fine views, and from below the arches gives many pleasing 
; stas. At the Manhattan end is the water tower shown in our illustra- 



NEW YORK. 



fe*- 






^Hjf|E19' > 


^P%.4flH 




H^^r^ 


~^l*(BBB 




K«^ 


j^ 





;iIIXC,TON BRIDGE. 



tion, and back ot this is a high-service reservoir; it is worth while climbing 
to the top for the view. The grounds adjacent constitute the High Bridge 
Park. 

The original Croton waterworks were completed in 1842; the aqueduct 
is thirty miles long, and has a flowing capacity of QO.OOO.ooo gallons daily. 
In i8qo a second aqueduct was opened, which extends from Croton Lake to 
135th street, a distance of thirty and one-half miles, and has a capacity of 
290,000,000 gallons in twenty-four hours. The average depth of the tunnel 
under ground is 170 feet, in some places reaching 350 feet. It goes under 
the Harlem through solid rock 307 feet below the bed of the river, and then 
rises 400 feet in a perpendicular shaft at the point where the stone water 
station is seen between High Bridge and Washington Bridge. The aque- 
duct is the largest tunnel in the world; five years were spent in building 
it, and the cost was nearly $20,000,000. The average daily consumption 
of water in Manhattan and the Bronx is about 251 000,000 gallons; the esti- 
mated supply available when new dams now building shall be completed will 
be 280,000.000. Brooklyn gets its water from Long Island. 

The Speedway (Harlem River Driveway) is a road on the west bank of 
the Harlem, built by the city at a cost of nearly $3 000,000, for the special 
use of drivers of fast horses. It is four and one-quarter miles in length, 
beginning at 155th street and extending north to Dykeman street, where 
connection is made with the extension of Riverside Drive. The Speedway- 
races on pleasant afternoons attract thousands of spectators. For route 
see Speedway in general list of routes. 

The Washington Bridge, just north of High Bridge, at West 181 st 
street, is an imposing structure of steel, iron and granite, in size and grandeur 
of proportions second only to the Brooklyn Bridge. It is 2,384 feet in length, 
and 80 feet wide; the two central arches have a span of 510 feet each, and 
their crowns are 135 feet above the river. The cost was nearly $2,700,000. 
Bordering the east approach are the grounds of the Ogden estate. The 
river slope has been made a public park. On the east bank of the river 
are the tracks of the New York Central, and New York & Putnam roads; 
on the west side is the Speedway. The view to the north is toward Kings- 
bridge. On the left are Washington Heights, and Fort George, named 



HARLEM RIVER AND BEYOND. 



123 



from a Revolutionary redoubt and now given over to beer saloons. The 
Isabella Heimath, on the crest of the hill near Fort George, is a home for 
old men and women ; it was given in memory of Anna Ottendorfer by her 
husband, Oswald Ottendorfer, founder of the Staats-Zeitung. On the east 
side of the river are Munis Heights and University Heights, where may 
be seen the dome of the University Library. Beyond is the tower of the 
Webb Academy and Home tor Shipbuilders, founded at a cost of $j 000,000 
by the New York shipbuilder, William 11. Webb. 

The Ham. ok Fame for Great Americans is at University Heights, and 
is reached by the Sixth avenue elevated to 155th street, thence N. Y. & 
Putnam K. R. to Morris Heights station. The Hall, which is one of the 
buildings enclosing the campus of the New York University, is a granite 
colonnade 500 feet in length, built about the Library. It contains 150 
panels, in which will be set bronze tablets for the names of 150 great 
Americans. The selection of the subjects to be honored is entrusted to a 
committee of 100 members, made up of college presidents, educators, pro- 
fessors of history, scientists, publicists, editors, authors and chief justices. 
the selection finally to he approved by the New York University Senate. 
Only persons horn in the United States ami deceased at least ten years 
are eligible. Twenty-nine names were chosen in 1900; eleven others were 
selected in 1005, and five will be added every fifth year, until in the year 
2,000 the roll of 150 shall be complete. With each individual's name is 
inscribed a quotation from his speeches or writings; and in the Museum 
of the Hall of Fame, portraits and other memorials will be preserved. A 




THE HALL 



124 NEW YORK. 

Hall of Fame for women was added in 1905. The names selected in 1900 
and 190 are: Statesmen — Washington, John Adams, John Quincy 
Adams, Franklin, Jefferson, Hamilton, Madison, Clay, Webster, Lincoln 
Jurists— Marshall, Kent, Story. Soldiers — John Paul Jones, Grant, Sher- 
man, Farragut, Robert E. Lee. Students — Fulton, Whitney, Morse, Audu- 
bon, Gray, Agassiz. Teachers and Preachers — Edwards, Channing, Mann, 
Beecher. Authors — Irving, Hawthorne, Emerson, Longfellow, Lowell, 
Whittier. Septimi (a seventh class) — Gilbert, Stuart, Cooper, Peabody. 
Women— Mary Lyon, Emma Willard, Maria Mitchell. The Hall of Fame 
was a gift to the New York University from Miss Helen Gould. The 
original sum given for the purpose was $100,000, but it is estimated that 
the completed edifice will have cost $250,000. 

Bronx Park. 

For route see general list of routes elsewhere. 

Bronx Park lies on both sides of the Bronx River, between W "ams- 
bridge and West Farms. The river, which took its name from Jonas 
Broncks, one of the early Dutch proprietors, rises near the Connecticut 
line, and flows into Long Island Sound. It is a river in name only, and 
one only needs to look upon the narrow and shallow stream to appreciate 
the humor of the command sent by the British authorities to Lord Admiral 
Howe, to "send a couple of frigates up the Bronx River to protect our 
forces and fire into the enemy whenever seen." 

The river as we see it in the Park is a picturesque stream flowing between 
rocky dells and through peaceful reaches, and presenting many charming 
bits of scenery. It was resorted to by artists and pictured on many a 
canvas long before the conversion of the territory into a park revealed its 
loveliness to the public eye. As with other recently acquired parks which 
have absorbed private estates, Bronx Pari: retains relics of a former 
occupancy. On the river slope in one of the most charming glens is the 
Lorillard mansion, which was built about 1855 by Pierre Lorillard, and is 
now used for park and police purposes. On the opposite side of the stream 
below the bridge is the site of the old Lorillard snuff mill, whose wheels 
turned by the Bronx waterpower ground out in snuff the Lorillard fortune. 
Appropriately enough, the Botanical Garden gardeners now grow near 
the old mill specimens of the several varieties of tobacco. An interesting 
natural feature of the Park is the Rocking Stone. This is a granite 
boulder deposited in the glacial epoch, and poised so perfectly upon a 
granite pedestal that the human arm may cause it to rock in an arc of 
about 2 inches. The stone is 7 feet high, 10 feet broad and 8 feet through, 
having an estimated weight of 30 tons. It is in the Zoological Park. Of 
the 662 acres comprised in the Park area, 250 have been given to a botanical 
garden, and 261 to a zoological park. Both institutions are corporations, 
managed by trustees and occupying their sites by an arrangement with 
the city. 

The New York Botanical Garden, in Bronx Park, near the Bedford 
Park Station of the Harlem Railroad, is open daily. Sunday included, 
from 9 to 5 ; the Museum from 9 130 to 5. Admission is free. The Museum 
contains collections of Economic Botany, showing vegetable products, 
processes of manufacture and uses to which out, as various fibres, wood 



VAN CORTLANDT PARK. 125 

made into paper, sugar cane into refined sugar, chocolate, cork, cottonseed 
wines, cereals, turpentine, etc. The collections of Scientific Botany include 
the famous Torrey Herbarium deposited by Columbia University and valued 
at $175,000. The conservatories contain tens of thousands of growing 
plants, shrubs and trees, gathered from all quarters of the globe, many 
rare and costly, such as the palms given by Miss Helen Gould and the 
wonderfully greal anthurium given by Mrs. F. L. Ames, of North Easton, 
Mass. The outdoor beds and plantations show many family groups of 
plants, flowers, shrubs and tree-,; and there are miles of walks with flower 
borders. In value and completeness the Garden will rival the Kew 
Gardens of London and the Jardin des Plantes of Paris. 

The New York Zoological Park has an ideal site in Bronx Park, and is 
in plan and extent unequalled by any institution of its class in the world. 
The outdoor ranges for mammals, the reptile bouse and the vast flying 
cage for birds have been prepared with a view to approximating as closely 
as possible the natural conditions of life of the occupants, and the very 
successful way in which this has been accomplished enables us to see the 
animals as they are in nature. The Society's Official Guide may be pro- 
cured at the entrance. There is a restaurant on the grounds. 



Uan Cortlandt Park. 



Van CORTLANDT Park, at the extreme north end of the city, comprises 
in its diversified area a high ridge which carries the Croton aqueduct, a 
wide level plain which is a parade ground of the National Guard, and a 
lake resorted to in winter by skaters and players of the Scotch game of 
curling; then there are golf links, ball grounds and. as the chief thing ol 
interest, the Van Cortlandt Mansion. The house is an interesting example 
of Dutch architecture. It was built by Frederick Van Cortlandt in 1748; 
and the thick rubble stone walls are as solid to-day as a century and a 
half ago. Near bj 1- the old saw and grisl mill. A row of horse chestnuts 
is reputed to be 175 years old. In [896 the house was given by the Park 
Commission into the custody of the Colonial Dames of the State of New 
York, by whom it is maintained as a public museum. It is open daily, to to 
in summer, 10 to 5 in winter; 2 to 6 on Sunday. Admission 25 cents on 
Thursdays; on other days free. The interior has an old-fashioned air, but 
it tells all through the storj ntial means and generous living. 

There are huge fireplaces faced with scriptural tiles, deep window seats, a 
generous wine closet in the wall, a big Dutch oven in the kitchen, and a 
cellar with massive hand-hewn beams of cedar and cypress, and 3-foot walls 
loop-holed for muskets. Washington made bis headquarters here on his 
way to the entry of New York in 1783, and the Washington Room i s now 
the museum, containing many Colonial and Revolutionary mementoes, 
among them the four-posl bedstead on which Washington lept. Al- 
together, the Van Cortlandt House is the best relic New York has of the 
old regime, and it is a charming place to ^isit. 



Cbe Subway. 



Manhattan Island is long and narrow, with the business district in 
the lower parts of the city and the homes in the upper part. This presents 
a most difficult transportation problem. Morning and evening the human 
flood sets south and north, and the surface and elevated lines are con- 
gested. The solution of the problem is to provide underground rapid 
transit systems. Plans for the first underground road were adopted in 
1899, and the contract for building was awarded to John B. McDonald, 
on his bid of $35,000,000, reputed to be the largest individual contract ever 
let. The city paid this sum for the construction, and leased the road to 
the contractor for fifty years, under an arrangement by which at the 
expiration of that term the city will have received back the money paid 
for the road, and may then take over the equipment at a price fixed by 
arbitration. The work of construction was begun in 1900, and the road 
was in operation in 1904. 

The Rapid Transit Railroad extends from the Battery north to Spuyten 
Duyvil Creek on the west, and Bronx Park on the east. Ultimately, by 
connection with the Manhattan-Brooklyn Tunnel the rapid transit system 
will extend from Brooklyn to the Bronx. Beginning at the Battery the 
road follows Broadway to Park Row, thence up Park Row, with a loop 
in City Hall Park; Lafayette Street (Elm Street), Fourth Avenue, Park 
Avenue. Forty-second Street, Broadway to 169th Street, West End Ave- 




THE FOUR-TRACK SYSTEM AT SPRING STREET. 
Photo by P. P. Pullis. 

126 



THE SUBWAY 



127 



nue to Sherman's Creek, Ellwood Avenue to Inwood Street, and Broad- 
way to 230th Street, Kingsbridge. At 104th Street the East Side Line 
diverges to Lenox Avenue at 110th Street, then runs up Lenox Avenue, 
under the Harlem River, and through 149th Street, Westchester Avenue, 
Southern Boulevard and Boston Road to Bronx Park. 

The Subway is rectangular, being 25 feet wide for the two-track sections, 
50 feet wide for the four-track sections, and 13 feet high throughout. It 
has a concrete bed and a steel frame construction, as shown in the illus- 
tration on page 125. Throughout most of the length the road was exca- 
vated from the surface. A trench was dug, the bottom was lined with a 
concrete flooring; then a rectangular framework of steel beams was 
erected, with concrete walls and roof; and on the outside were spread 
layers of asphalt and roofing felt. The Subway is thus for the most part 
a covered trench with the roof near the surface, and the stairs leading 
to the station platforms do not have longer flights than those of the 
elevated roads. On Broadway, from Sixtieth to 104th Streets, the Sub- 
way is lighted by skylights in the center of the street. The tunneling is 
principally in the section under Central Park (at Columbus Avenue and 
104th Street 80 feet below the surface), and in the Fort Washington sec- 
tion, where the rock tunnel through the hill of gneiss along Broadway 
and Eleventh Avenue, from 158th Street to a point near Fort George, is 
two miles long, being next to the lloosac Tunnel the longest one in the 
United States. At 125th Street the West Side Line emerges and crosses 
Manhattan Valley on a viaduct to 135th Street, where it enters a tunnel, 
and at 190. h Street is more than too feet below the surface. At 169th and 




SUBWAY ENTRANCE KIOSK IN CITY HALL PARK. 



128 



NEW YORK. 




CITY HALL STATION. 



181st Streets the stations are hollowed out of the solid rock no feet under- 
ground, and are reached by elevators. The tracks are carried under the 
Harlem River on two steel cylinder tubes encased in concrete. 

The motive power is electricity (third-rail system). The running time 
from City Hall Park to Ninety-sixth Street is 13 minutes for express 
trains, and 21 minutes for local trains. 

With a total length of 21 miles, New York's $35,000,000 tunnel is the 
longest railroad tunnel in the world. Its construction was one of the 
great engineering enterprises of the twentieth century. The figures of the 
excavation and the construction are prodigious. There were 3,212,000 
cubic yards of material to be taken out — 1,900,000 of earth and 1,312.000 
of rock. The construction called for 65,000 tons of steel, 8,000 tons of 
cast iron, 551,000 cubic yards of concrete, 910,000 square yards of water- 
proofing for making the Subway absolutely dry. 

The largest stations are those at Brooklyn Bridge, Union Square at 
Fourteenth Street, and io2d Street. The stations are lined with tile, and a 
system of distinctive architecture and color schemes has been employed, 
so that a station may be known by its own particular wall colors. 

At Thirty-fourth Street and Park Avenue is one of the most remarkable 
street intersection corners in the world. On the surface run the Thirty- 
fourth Street cars. One flight down are the Madison Avenue cars; two 
flights down the Rapid Transit Subway; and three flights down the Penn- 
sylvania Railroad Tunnel. 



tunnels and terminals. 

Manhattan— Brooklyn. 
i. The Manhattan-Brooklyn Tunnel is an extension of the Rapid 
Transit Railroad subway system under the East River to the foot of 
Joralemon street; thence to Fulton street and Flatbush avenue and to 
the junction of Flatbush and Atlantic avenues, where is the station of the 
Long Island Railroad. The tunnel was opened in January, 1908, to the 
Borough Hall station. Under the river the construction consists of two 
cast iron tubes, inside diameter 15 feet fj inches, length 6,790 feet. Trains 
pass to Brooklyn through the smith tube and return through the north 
tube. The grade is 3.1 per 100 feet, the descent and ascent of the train 
being scarcely perceptible. The tunnel is everywhere below water level, 
until it rises at a point 700 feet before reaching the Borough Hall station. 
It passes through rock (two stretches of 2,700 feet and 400 feet) and 
sand, clay and gravel formations. The lowest point reached by the 
tnniul is 94 feet below mean high water. Certain portions which pass 
through sand are given added strength by concrete piles sunk to bedrock, 
al depths varying from 5 to 75 feet. The motive power is electricity, by 
the third-rail system. The tunnel was constructed by the builders of the 
Rapid Transit Railroad, whose bid for the tunnel and terminals was 
$3,000,000. The actual cost exceeded $10,000,000. The tunnel will be 
operated by the constructing company for a term of thirty-five years, 
when it is to revert to the city, under conditions similar to those which 
control in the Rapid Transit Railroad contract. 

New York — New Jersey. 

2 The McAdoo Tunnels under the North River. There are two pairs 
of these connected by the Jersey City subway, the Morton street tubes 
to 15th street, Jersey City, and the Cortlandt street tubes to Montgomery 
street, Jersey City, The Morton street line extends under Greenwich 
and Christopher streets to Sixth avenue, and under the avenue to the 
terminal at 33d street and Sixth avenue. There are stations at Christo- 
pher and Greenwich streets, where connection is made with the Ninth 
Avenue Elevated; Christopher street and Sixth avenue, with connection 
with the Sixth Avenue Elevated; and at Fourteenth, Nineteenth, Twenty- 
third, Twenty-eighth and Thirty third streets. 

The Cortlandt street tithes have their outlet in the vast Terminal 
Buildings on Church street, extending from Cortlandt to Fulton; and 
there is connection also with the Subway at Fulton street. 

In Jersey City the renter of the system is the terminal station, hewn 
out of the s,,lid rock, 85 feel below the Pennsylvania Railroad train shed, 
and reached from the Pennsylvania terminal by elevators. Two branches 
extend west, rising to the surface, for electric cars from Manhattan to 
Newark and other New Jersey points; and two other lines run north to 
the Lackawanna station; and connection is afforded also with the Erie 
Railroad. 

The tunnels are tubes constructed of steel rings overlaid with con- 
crete. In each tunnel there is a separate tube for each track; ventilation 
is secured by the action of the train which forces the air ahead of it. 
The tubes are 15 feet in interior diameter. They lie about 30 feet apart 

129 



130 NEW YORK. 

and are from 60 to 90 feet below the surface of the Hudson, the depth 
of earth between the tunnel and the water ranging from 15 to 40 feet. 
The deepest part is on the New York side. 

3. The Belmont Tunnels from the foot of East 426 street to Long 
Island City, the two tubes there looping and connecting with surface lines 
in Queens County. 

4. The Pennsylvania Railroad tunnels under the Hudson River; and 
their connections, the Long Island Railroad tunnels under the East River, 
forming parts of the great Pennsylvania terminal which is described on 
page 146. 

The Queensboro Bridge. 

The Blackwell's Island Bridge extends across the East River from 
East Fifty-ninth street, in the Borough of Manhattan, to Ravenswood, in 
the Borough of Queens, and is supported by two piers rising from 
Blackwell's Island. In weight and carrying capacity it is the greatest 
cantilever bridge in the world. The length of the bridge proper is 3,724 
feet 6 inches ; the entire length, including the approaches, is 8,231 feet. 
The Manhattan approach, built chiefly of masonry, 1,051 feet in length, 
extends to a pier on the river edge. Here the truss construction begins 
with the shore arm, 470 feet in length, of the westerly cantilever. The 
river span west of the island consists of two cantilever arms, each 591 
feet in length, making a total westerly river span of 1,182 feet, dimen- 
sions exceeded only by the other New York structures, the Brooklyn 
Bridge with a span of 1,595 f eet » tne Williamsburg Bridge, 1,600 feet, and 
Scotland's great bridge across the Frith of Forth, 1,710 feet. The span 
between the two piers on Blackwell's Island is 630 feet ; the river span 
east of the island is 984 feet; the shore arm of the easterly cantilever is 
459 feet; the Long Island approach is 3,455 feet. The superstructure is 
carr'ed on masonry towers which are 185 feet in height above the bottom 
chord. The clear height of the bridge above mean high water is 135 feet. 
The carrying capacity is enormous. There are two floors, the lower one 
86 feet wide between railings, the upper one 67 feet. The lower floor 
carries a roadway 56 feet wide for street and vehicular traffic, and having 
two trolley tracks ; and two other trolley tracks are carried on extensions 
of the floor beams. On the upper floor is provision for four elevated 
tracks and two 13-foot sidewalks. The sustaining strength of the bridge 
has been calculated for the upbearing of 250 rapid transit cars carrying 
30,000 passengers, 300 trolley cars with 30,000 passengers, a congested 
traffic on the promenades of 55,000 persons, and on the roadway of 
100,000 — a total of 215,000. The bridge was designed by Gustav Linden - 
thai. Its cost was $20,000,000. 



Cbe World Dome. 



The Pulitzer (ok World) Building affords from the lantern of the 
dome the best downtown view accessible by the public. The building itself 
i • notable. It has twenty-two stories and an extreme height of 375J/2 feet. 
The pressroom in the basement is open to visitors. The presses have a 
capacity for printing, folding and counting 672,000 eight-page papers 
per hour. 

The tower is open from 8:30 A. M. to 6 P. M. An admission fee of 
5 cents goes to a charitable fund. Tin- view is one long to be remem- 
bered. In the East are the Brooklyn Bridge, East River, Brooklyn and 
the hills of Long [sland. The Navy Yard (north of the Bridge) may be 
distinguished by the receiving ship, which looks like a huge yellow Noah's 
Ark. Beyond, stretching its mighty span across the East River, is the 
new bridge; between its towers is seen one of the Sugar Trust's re- 
fineries. To the right of the Brooklyn Bridge the tower on the horizon 
is the Brooklyn waterworks; to its right are the wooded heights of 
Prospect Park, and further to the right, Greenwood Cemetery. In that 
direction lies the ocean. 

SOUTH is Governor's Island with the circular Castle Williams fronting 
the Bay. In the distance beyond the island are the Narrows, the opening 
between Long Island and Staten Island, through which New York's com- 
merce passes to the Lower Bay on its way to sea. The high land to the 
right of the Narrows is Staten 1 sland. The Statue of Liberty is hidden 
from view by the Park Row Building. 

\\ 1 ST is the North or Hudson River, with New Jersey beyond, Jersey 
Cit\ in the foreground and tbe Orange Mountains in the distance. The 
huge depot of the Pennsylvania Railroad is a conspicuous landmark. North 
of Jersey City are Hoboken, Weehawken and the Palisades of the Hudson 

North, stretching away as far as the eye can reach, the city lies spread 
out in a confused and bewildering expanse of street chasms, walls, roofs, 
chimneys, towers and steeples. We may note some of tbe landmarks: The 

immense building with tbe clock-tower is tbe New York Life; to the righ; 

of it- tower 1- the Mills Hotel; the gilded dome with the tlag is Siegel- 
Cooper's: in line with the east end »f the New York Life i- the red pile 
of the Waldorf-Astoria; beyond and to the right of this rise the white 
spires of St. Patrick's Cathedral. This side of the New York Life the 
highest buildings are the Central Bank, tin Dun (white marble with 
rounded corners) and the Broadway Chambers, with the lion-' head- under 
the cornice. Aero-, the park are the Home Life (white with red peaked 
roof) and the Postal Telegraph. The distanl red building in line with 
the Dun is the I'. S. Public Stores; on the heights beyond it is Wee- 
hawken. On the Hoboken heights in line with the Broadway Chambers 
is the Monastery of the Passionist Fathers. 

Immediately below us on the north is the Brooklyn bridge entrance; and 
the elevated railroad winds its course to the Bowery, which begins just 
there at the curve where the road disappears from view. Extending 
straight north is Centre street; beyond the shot-tower is the new City 

131 



132 NEW YORK. 

Prison site of the old Tombs. On the west below is City Hall Park with 
the City Hall and County Court House. On the south are the Tribune, 
American Tract Society, Times and Potter buildings and Post Office, and 
beyond is St. Paul's Chapel, diminutive enough from here. The Park 
Row Building still looms above us even at this height. 

fiere and Cbere in new VorR. 

Greater New York comprises the five Boroughs of Manhattan, Bronx, 
Brooklyn, Queens and Richmond. The Borough of Manhattan includes 
Manhattan Island and Governor's, Ellis, Bedloe's, Blackwell's, Ward's, 
Randall's and Riker islands. The Borough of the Bronx comprises all that 
portion between the Harlem and Long Island Sound. The Borough of 
Brooklyn includes all of Kings county. The Borough of Queens includes 
all the annexed district lying in Queens county. The Borough of Rich- 
mond includes all of Staten Island. 

The population by the census of 1900 was, for the several Boroughs: 
Manhattan — 1,850,093. Bronx — 200,507. Brooklyn — 1,166,582. Queens— 
152,999. Richmond — 67,021. Total — 3,437,202. 

By Federal Census estimate of 1906 the population was 4.113,043, an 
increase over 1900 of 675,841. Estimated population 1908, in excess of 
4,250,000. 

The Bowery extetds from Chatham Square north to Cooper Union, 
where Third and Fourth avenues diverge. In the old Dutch days it was the 
Bouwerie Lane between the bouweries or farms; and later it became the 
Boston Post Road ; a mile-stone at Rivington street still marks one mile 
from the old City Hall in Wall street. Almost as remote as the Dutch 
farmers who gave it its name are the Bowery Boys, who fifty years ago 
made the street famous. The peculiar features of the old Bowery live only 
in tradition; but it still has characteristics all its own. There is presented 
here an extraordinary collection of beer saloons, concert gardens, tramp 
lodging houses, shooting galleries, low whisky "dives," dime museums, 
penny amusement arcades, tattooing establishments, Yiddish theatres and 
more beer saloons; while sandwiched in between the saloons and the lodging 
houses are numerous shops, whose proprietors are hopefully striving to 
live down the refrain of the popular song — 

The Bow'ry! the Bow'ry! 

They say such things, and they do strange things, 
On the Bow'ry, the Bow'ry! 

I'll never go there any more. 

But this is only one aspect of the street. There are multitudes with 
whom the Bowery means thrift, for in the Bowery Saving Bank, with 
its more than 125,000 depositors and over $67,000,000 of deposits, we have 
the largest savings bank in the world. 

A ride through the Bowery on a Third avenue surface car (from 8th 
street or above, or from the Post Office) will disclose its features suffi- 
ciently for most people. It may also be reached by the Third avenue 
elevated (stations at Chatham Square, Canal, Grand and Houston streets), 
and by the Fourth and Second avenue cars passing through part of it. 

The Bible House, Fourth avenue and Eighth street, opposite Cooper 
Union, is the home of the American Bible Society, organized in 1816 to 



HERE AND THERE IN NEW YORK. 133 

circulate the Holy Scriptures. In the office of the General Agent (No. 6 
Bible House) they will give you a circular containing a specimen text in 
each of the 242 differenl languages and dialects, in which 66,000,000 copies 

Bible circulated by the Society have been printed. 
THREE BLOCKS below Grace Church, east of Broadway, is a group of 
interesting point-. In Clinton Place and Astor Place is the Mercantile Li- 
brary, on the site of the old Astor Place Opera House, where the Astor 
Place Riot occurred in 1848. when a mob. incensed by the treatment which 
Forrest had received in Fngland, mobbed the English actor Macready, who 
was do ng his best on that particular occasion to act Macbeth. East of the 
Library is the statue of S. S. Cox, erected by the mail carriers in recognition 
of his championship of their interests in Congress. In Lafayette Place, 
opening to the south, is the Astor Library, with its 350,000 books, now a 
pari of the New York Public Library, Astor, Lenox and Tilden Founda- 
tions. The library is open from 9 to 6 daily except Sundays and holidays 
COOPER Union, for the Advancement of Science and Art. was founded 
by Peter Cooper in 1859. He gave for the building and its endowment 
nearly a million dollars. The purpose is to provide instruction at night 
for young people who work by day ; and in doing this the Union has 
been one of the most beneficent philanthropies of the city. The night 

scl 1- in science and art mathematics, engineering, electricity, chemistry, 

etc. — have been attended by nearlj [OO.000 different persons. Recent gifts 
by Andrew Carnegie, Edward Cooper and A. S. Hewitt have now made 
provision for day instruction also. There are a Women's Art School, for 
instruction in drawing painting and photography, and schools in telegraphy, 

iphj and typewriting for women. The free library and reading 
room (with 435 newspapers and periodicals) is visited by an average of 
2.000 readers a day; it is open from 8 A. M. to 10 P. M. ; and Sundays. 
October to May. 12 to 9. The Museum for the Decorative Arts is open 9 
to 5 daily except Sunday and Monday. Free lectures in the Hall, on 
Wednesday and Saturday evenings in winter, are attended by 10.000 persons 
a week. The Hall of Cooper LTnion is used for political and other meetings, 
and has been the scene of many memorable gatherings. Abraham Lincoln 
delivered his Cooper Institute speech here Feb. 27. i860, and from that 
day to this most of the great orator- of America have been heard here; and 
speeches have been made which have affected city, state and nation. In 

Union Park south of the building, is a statue of Peter Cooper, hy 

Augustus St. Gaudcns. who was a pupil in Cooper Union: 

Erected by the citizens of New York in grateful remembrance of Peter Cooper, 
founder of the Cooper Union for the Advancement of Science and Art. Anno 
Domini MDCCCXCYII 

St. Mark's at 10th street and 2d avenue, has interesting 

historical as 0< iattons, for it occupies the oldest church site on Manhattan 

fsland. ' in 1700 the Bouwerie Church built by Peter Stuyvesant, 

the last of the Dutch Governors, on his Great Bouwerie. or farm, which 

extended from the line of 4th avenue to the Fast River. A bit of the old 

farm now bears the name of Stuyvesant Square. Stuyvesant was buried in 

the churchyard in 1672, in the vault which is still marked by the memorial 

stone with its inscription . 

In this vault lies buried Petrus Stuyvesant, late Captain General and Governor- 
in-Chief of Amsterdam in New Netherland, now called New York, and the Dutch 
West India Islands, died in A. D. \6TA, aged 80 years. 



134 NEW YORK. 

"The Little Church Around the Corner" is a familiar name for the 
Church of the Transfiguration, on East 29th street, near Fifth avenue. 
The story goes that when in 1871 Joseph Jefferson endeavored to arrange 
for the funeral of George Holland, a brother actor, at a church on 
Madison avenue, the pastor said that he could not hold burial services 
over the body of an actor. "But," he added, "there is a little church 
around the corner you can go to." "Then all honor to the little church 
around the corner," replied Jefferson. "We will go there." From that 
time the church and its rector, Rev. George H. Houghton (who died 
in 1897) were held in affectionate regard by the theatrical profession. 
Many actors have been buried from the church, among them Lester 
Wallack, Dion Boucicault and Edwin Booth. There is a memorial window 
given by The Players (the actors' club), in loving memory of Booth. 
The beautiful churchyard is entered through a lich-gate. This is a roofed 
gate, unique in this country, but of a type formerly common in Europe, 
when the custom was to rest the bier in the lich-gate during the reading 
of the introductory part of the burial service. 

John Street Methodist Church. — The John Street M. E. Church, at 
44 John street, called the "Cradle of American Methodism," is the oldest 
Methodist church in America. It was founded by Philip Embury in 1766; 
the first edifice was erected in 1768, a second one on the same site in 1817, 
and the present structure in 1841. There are still preserved Philip 
Embury's Bible, Bishop Asbury's chair and the clock which John Wesley 
sent over from England, and which still ticks off the time. 

The American Society of Mechanical Engineers. — The national or- 
ganization of the mechanical engineering profession was founded in 1880 
with the object of promoting the arts and sciences connected with en- 
gineering and mechanical construction. Its society rooms occupy the 
eleventh floor of the Engineering Societies Building, at 29 West Thirty- 
ninth street, New York, it being one of the three Founder Societies to 
whom the Carnegie gift for the erection of the building was made. 
Monthly meetings are held in the building for the presentation and 
discussion of professional papers. The annual and spring meetings are 
the two large conventions of the year. The former is held in New York 
in December and the latter at some inland city, usually in May. There 
are 3,335 members. The publications of the society are Proceedings, 
issued monthly, and the Transactions, the annual bound volume. The 
library of more than ten thousand volumes on engineering, together with 
the libraries of other Founder Societies, make one of the most com- 
plete libraries of engineering literature in the world. Open to the public 
from 9 A. M. to g P. M., except Sundays and holidays. 



HERE AND THERE IN NEW YORK. 135 



Hispanic Society. 

The library and museum of the Hispanic Society of America is in 
Audubon Park, [56th street near Broadway. "The library, art collection 
and historical objects were gathered by Archer M. Huntington, son of the 
late Collis P. Huntington, who endowed the Hispanic Society and gave 
the land upon which the museum stands. The society's purpose is to 
make the library and museum useful to students and literary men. The 
society was founded by Mr. Huntington for the purpose of bringing the 
people oi the United States who are interested in Spanish history, art 
and literature into closer relations with the Spanish and Portuguese 
people and those of the same blood in South America. Mr. Huntington 
spent more than eighteen years making the collections, and they are the 
largest of their kind in this country and among the most important in 
the world. The institution is open to the public. 

"Among the objects in the museum interesting to students of Hispanic 
subjects is a pair of bronze Arabic doors, which flank the main entrance. 
These doors, which came from a Cairo mosque, were built by a Mameluke 
general in 1381. The museum contains examples of pottery dating from 
the fifth century before Christ to the present time, and also includes 
silver, medals, coins and textiles, besides some sixteenth century carvings 
in wood, marble and ironwork. Spanish America is also historically and 
artistically represented. There are more than fifty thousand volumes in 
the library, on ancient and modern Spanish and Portuguese subjects. 

"The Hispanic Society of America has a membership of one hundred. 
It is an endowed society, its members paying no dues. Its membership 
is scattered all over the world, where they are constantly on the lookout 
for some available addition to the library or museum." 



Comparative Table of Ocean Liners. 

Indicated 
Displace- Horse- 



Name. Date. 

Great Eastern 1858 

Britannic 1874 

Umbria 1885 

Campania 1893 

Kaiser Wilhelm der Grosse 1899 

Deutschland 1000 

Kaiser Wilhelm IT 1003 

Adriatic 1007 

Lusitania 1007 

New White Star Liners T008 



Length, 


ment, 


power 


Speed 


Feet. 


Tons. 


of Engines 


Knots. 


680 


27,000 


7,650 


14 


455 


8,500 


5.500 


15 


500 


10,500 


14.300 


18 


600 


18,000 


30,000 


20 


625 


20,800 


30.000 


22 


662 


23,600 


36,000 


23 


678 


26,000 


38,000 


2&X 


7- 1 ? 


38.000 


40,000 


23 


790 


45.000 


68,000 


24^ 


1,000 


*6o.ooo 




20 



♦About. 



Brooklyn. 



The points here named are reached most conveniently from the Brook- 
lyn Bridge. The officers at the Bridge entrance will direct to the proper 
car. 

Greenwood Cemetery is reached by the Fifth avenue elevated or surface 
line from the Bridge. Carriages at the entrance make the tour of the 
grounds in three-quarters of an hour for a fare of 25 cents, with stop-over 
privilege. The cemetery, one of the most beautiful in the world, has an 
area of 474 acres, stretching along a slope whose summit it has crowne I 
with monuments. From the Pilots' Monument to Thomas Freeborn, a 
New York pilot who lost his life piloting a ship on the New Jersey cuast, 
we may look far out to sea; and the shaft is visible from ships entering 
the harbor. From the Soldiers' Monument, in memory of the 148,000 
soldiers of New York State who died in the Civil War, another far-reach- 
ing prospect may be had. One may wander for hours through the streets 
of this vast city of the dead (there are fifteen miles of walks) and at every 
turn find something to challenge attention. The most famous memorial 
is the exquisitely carved monument of Charlotte Canda, a New York girl 
who, on her eighteenth birthday, as she was returning from a party given 
in her honor, was thrown from her carriage and killed. This monument 
that marks her grave she herself had designed for an aunt. The most costly 
piece of work is the $225,000 monument of Marcus Daly. Among hundreds 
of others may be noted the tomb of James Gordon Bennett, remarkable for 
the silken sheen of the sculptured drapery; the portrait bust of Horace 
Greeley, cast from type metal given by the printers of America ; the bronze 
statue of De Witt Clinton; the stone from the Brooklyn Bridge mark- 
ing the grave of Wm. C. Kingsley, a former president of the Board of 
Trustees; the medallion angel face carved by Hiram Powers, the Griffith 
"Farewell" memorial, the figure of "Grief" of the John Matthews tomb, 
the Channey monument cut by prisoners in Sing Sing. We shall find 
here many familiar names — Morse of the telegraph, Howe of the sewing 
machine, Peter Cooper, Henry Ward Beecher, Henry George, Alice and 
Phoebe Cary. Those who sleep in Greenwood number more than 312,000, 
and the solemn bell in the tower of the Gothic gate tolls through the 
hours of the day at the entering in of others to join the silent hosts. 

Prospect Park. — From the Bridge the Flatbush avenue cars take one 
directly to the Plaza, which is the principal gate. Here is the Soldiers' 
and Sailors' Memorial Arch, to commemorate those who died in the Civd 
War; the bronze groups by Macmonnies symbolize the Army, the Navy, 
and the chariot of Victory led by heralds of peace. South of the Plaza is 
the statue of Gen. Warren. From the top of the Brooklyn water reservoir 
a view may be had extending from the Long Island coast in the east beyond 
Manhattan to the New Jersey hills in the west; the tower is a noted land- 
mark. From the Plaza entrance carriages make the tour of the Park for a 
fare of 25 cents. In natural grandeur Prospect rivals Central Park; it is 
well named, for its hills command many a lovely prospect; particularly 
famous are those from Lookout Hill. The Park has extensive groves of forest 
trees, a lake of sixty-one acres, with winding arms, arched bridges and 

136 



BROOKLYN 137 

charming shores, and there are flower gardens and conservatories. A 
monument on the slope of Prospect Hill marks Ba where fell 450 

Maryland soldiers, defending the American retreat after the battle of Long 
Island. The Park has memorials of John Howard Payne, author of 
"Home, Sw^et Home"; Irving. Lincoln, Moore, Mozart, and James S. T. 
Stranahan. an honored citizen to whom, more than to any other person. 
Brooklyn owes its beautiful pleasure ground. 

From the southeast corner of Prospect Park the OCEAN PARKWAY, a 
magnificent boulevard, with driveway, speedway and shaded cycle paths 
and bridle paths, extends 5J/2 miles to Coney Island. A short distance 
northeast from the Plaza entrance is the Museum of the Brooklyn Institute, 
in which are collections illustrating natural history and ethnology. An 
tdmission of 25 cents is charged Monday and Tuesday; other days free. 

The Brooklyn Navy Yard 1- visited by pass, which is given on applica- 
tion at the entrance. The Navj Yard is reached by Flushing avenue car 
from the Bridge. The shipbuilding -hops, dry docks, warships, guns, naval 
trophies, curiosities in the Lyceum, and the varied activities of the chief 
naval station of the United States, furnish abundant interest. The Navy 
Yard is on Wallabout Bay. where thousands of Americans perished in the 
British prison -hips of the Revolution. In Fort Greene Park, near by, the 
tomb of a number of the prison-ship martyrs is marked with a sculptured 
memorial by Macmonnies. a marble censer, emblematic of a perpetual 
incense offering. 

The Pratt Institute, the school of science and industrial art founded 
by Charles Pratt (who gave for it nearly $4,000,000) is in Ryerson street, 
near Pe Kalb avenue. Visiting days are Monday, Wednesday and Friday. 
Partridge's equestrian statue of Grant stand- in front of the Union 
League Club. Bedford avenue and Bergen street. It represents the General 
as he appeared at the Battle of the Wilderness. Ward's statue of Henry 
Ward Bee< her stands in the plaza facing the City Hall on Fulton Street. 
Plymouth Church, which was Beecher's pulpit from 1847 to 1887, is on 
Orange street, between Hicks and Henry, within short walking distance 
from the Bridge. 

Staten Island, lying south of New York Hay. five miles distant from 
Manhattan Island, constit B rough of Richmond in Greater New 

York. The island ha- an area of sixty square miles. It- green slopes and 
wooded hills form a pleasing feature in the harbor views; and the fortified 
height of Fort Wadsworth, commanding the Narrows, is the first land 
closely approached by incoming m sea. An excursion to Staten 

Island by ferryboat from the Batter'. jood opportunity of seeing 

New York Hay A conspicuous landmark on the island is the dome of the 
church >nug Harbor. The Harbor was founded in 1801 as a home 

for unfortunate and disabled seamen by Robert Richard Randall, whe 
bequeathed for the purpose his farm in New York. (See page Si.) Therf 
are on the rolls to-day 000 inmates. Among the sixty buildings of the 
Harbor, the church is specially worthy of inspection for the fine marbles of 
the interior. There is in the grounds a statue of Randall by St. Gaudens. 
The tall chimney seen to the northwest of Staten Island is in Bayonne 
N. J., and carries off the fumes of the gn'at copper smelting works there 
It is 365 feet high, and is reputed to be the tallest chimney in the world. 



Ready Reference Guide. 

See large folding map, which shows Ferries, Steamship and Railroad Piers 
RAILROAD STATIONS. 

Crosstown car lines from and to all railroad stations on the North River connect 
with lines for up or down town, and in most cases free transfers are given. 
Grand Central Station is at 42d St. and Fourth Ave. Other stations are at foot ol 

street named. 
Baltimore & Ohio— Liberty St. West 23d St. 
Central of New Jersey— Liberty St. West 23d St. 

In summer Sandy Hook boats from Cedar St. and West 42d St. 
Erie— Chambers. West 23d. Also Hudson Tubes. 

Harlem— Grand Central Station. Also Fourth Ave., 86th, 110th, 125th, 138th, 183d. 
Lackawanna — Barclay. Christopher. West 23d. Also Hudson Tubes. 
Lehigh Valley— Cortlandt. Desbrosses. West 23d. 
Long Branch — (Central of New Jersey, and Pennsylvania.) 
Long Island— Pennsylvania Terminal. W. 32d St. East 34th St. Ferry. 
New England — Grand Central Station. 
New Haven— Grand Central Station. 

New Haven (Harlem River Branch)— Willis Ave. and 130th St. 
N. Y. & Putnam— 155th St. terminus of Sixth Ave. elevated. 
N. Y., N. H. & Hartford— Grand Central Station. 
N. Y. Central— Grand Central Station. Also East 125th and 138th Sts. Spuyten Duyvil 

Branch— 10th Ave. and 30th St. 
N. Y., Susquehanna & Western— Cortlandt. Desbrosses. West 23d. 
Northern of New Jersey— Chambers. West 23d. 
Ontario & Western— Desbrosses. West 42d. 
Pennsylvania— Pennsylvania Station, 7th Ave., West 31st to 33d Sts. Cortlandt St 

West 23d St. Also Hudson Tubes. 
Philadelphia & Reading— Liberty. West 23d St. 
Staten Island— South Ferry, foot of Whitehall St. 
West Shore— Desbrosses. West 42d. 

COASTWISE STEAMSHIP LINES. 

The piers are on North River or East River at foot of streets named. The office 
is given in parentheses: 

Atlas— For West Indies and Mosquito Coast— Pier 55, N. R. ; West 25th St. (17 State St.). 
Clyde— For Charleston and Jacksonville— Pier 36, foot Spring St., N. R. (Pier, 

and 290 Broadway.) 
Cromwell— For New Orleans— Pier 9, N. R.; Rector St. (385 Broadway). 
Hollander— For Mobile and West Indies.— Pier 13, E. R.; Wall St. (90 Beaver St.). 
Lamport & Holt Line — West Indies, South America — Robert's Stores, Brooklyn. 

(Produce Exchange.) 
Portland Line— For Portland— Pier 20 E. R. 

Mallory— For Galveston, Tampa, Key West, Mobile— Pier 45 N. R. 
Metropolitan— For Boston— Pier 15 N. K. 

Morgan — For New ( Means— Pier 34. N. R., North Moore St. (394 Broadway.) 
Munson Line — For Cuba — Office 82 Beaver St. 
Old Dominion— For Norfolk, Richmond, Fort Monroe, Washington— Pier 26, N. R. 

Beach St. (On pier.) 
Panama— For Isthmus of Panama— Pier 57, N. R. ; West 27th St. (24 State St.). 
Puerto Rico — For Puerto Rico — Empire Stores, Brooklyn. (1 Broadway.) 
Quebec SS. Co.— For Bermuda— Foot West 10th St. (29 Broadway.) 
Red Cross— For Halifax and St. John's— Montague St., Brooklyn. 
Red D— For Puerto Rico and Venezuela— Robert Pier 10, Brooklyn. (135 Front St.. 
Royal Dutch West Indies— For Port an Prince— Brooklyn. (32 Beaver.) 
Royal Mail SS. Co.— West Indies (22 State St.). 

Southern Pacific SS. Co. — For New Orleans (Nos. 1 and 349 Broadway). 
Savannah— For Savannah— Pier 35. N. R. : Sprinsr St (On pier and 317 Broadwav > 
Ward— For Nassau, Cuba and Mexico— Piers 13-14 E. R., foot Wall St. (113 Wall), 
W. 23d St, to Eric K. K. 

138 



READY REFERENCE GUIDE. 139 

HUDSON RIVER STEAMBOAT LINES. 

Albany Night Line (People's)— Canal. Pier 82. 

Catskill Day Line — Desbrosses. 

Catskill Night Line— Christopher. 

Central Hudson Line— Franklin. 

Hudson River Day Line— Desbrosses and West 42d St. and \V. 129th St 

Mary Powell— Desbrosses and West 42d. 

Ramsdell Line— Franklin. 

Troy (Citizens') Line— West 10th. 

SOUND BOATS. 

Fall River Line— Pier 19, Warren St., N. R. 

Hartford— Rutgers St., E. R. 

New Haven Line— Clarkson St., N. R. 

New London — Spring St., N. R. 

Newport— Murray St., N. R. 

Norwich Line— Spring St.; Pier 36, N. R. 

Providence Line— Murray St.; Pier 18, N. R. 

Providence— Joy S.S. Co.— Pier 36, E. R. ; Catharine St. 

Stonington Line — Spring St.; Pier 36, N. R. 



Atlantic Highlands (Sandy Hook Route)— Cedar St. and West 42d St. 



Coney Island, New York's famous seaside .esort, may be reached by trolley or 
elevated road from the Brooklyn Bridge; Manhattan Beach Railway from East 34th 
St., or James Slip; and in season by the Iron Steamboats from West 22d St. or Pier 
1, at the Battery. 

Rockaway Beach is reached by the elevated line from the Brooklyn Bridge, or by 
excursion steamers from West 22d St., or the Battery. 

TRANSATLANTIC STEAMSHIP LINES. 

The piers are on the North River unless otherwise noted at foot of streets named. 
Offices in parentheses: 
Allan State (53 Broadway)— West 21st St. 
American (73 Broadway)— Pier 14, N. R., Fulton St. 
Anchor (17 Broadway)— West 24th. 
Atlantic Transport (1 Broadway)— Clarkson St. 
Cunard (21 State St.)— Pier 61 N. K., Jane St. 
Cromwell for New Orleans— Pier 34, N. R. 
French (3 Bowling Green)— Pier 42, N. R. 
Hamburg-American (37 Broadway)— Hoboken, N. J. 
Holland-American (39 Broadway)— Hoboken, N. J. 
Leyland (24 State St )-Bethune St., Pier 60. N. R. 
National Transport Line for London (1 Broadway)— Pier 39, N. R. 
North German Lloyd (6 Broadway)— Hoboken, N. J., express steamers. Pier 62, N. R. 
Pacific Steamship— Toyo Kisen Kaisha, for China, Japan, Hawaii, Philippine Islandi 

and San Francisco — New York offices, Nos. 1 and 349 Broadway. 
Red Star (73 Broadway)— Fulton St., Pier 14. 
Scandinavian-American (7 Broadway)— Brooklyn. 
White Star (9 Broadway)— Pier 48, West 10th St 
Wilson (22 State St.)— Bethune St 

FERRIES FROM MANHATTAN. 

Ferries from Manhattan (see folded map) leave foot of street named to— 
Astoria— East 92d St. 
Bedloe's Island— Battery. 
Brooklyn— 

E. 23d St to Greenpoint Ave. and Broadway. 

E. Mth St to Greenpoint Arc. 



i 4 o READY REFERENCE GUIDE. 



Brooklyn— 

E. Houston St. to Grand St. 

Grand St. to Grand St. and Broadway. 

Catharine St. to Main St. 

Roosevelt St. to Broadway. 

Fulton St. to Fulton St. 

Wall St. to Montague St. 

Whitehall St. (Battery), South Ferry to Atlantic Ave., Hamilton Ave. and 39th St. 
College Point— E. 99th St. 
Fort Lee-W. 130th St. 

Governor's Island— Whitehall St. (Battery). 
Hoboken— Christopher, Barclay and West 23d Sts. to Lackawanna station. W. 14th 

St. to 14th St. 
Jersey City — 

W. 23d St. (1) to Erie R. R. 

W. 13th St. to Bay St. 

Desbrosses and Cortlandt Sts. to P. R. R. and Montgomery St. 

Liberty St.— To Communipaw station of the B. &. U., and Central of N. J. K. K 

(Jersey City is connected with Brooklyn by P. R. R. Annex boat from Pennsy) 
vania station, jersey City, to Fulton St. Brooklyn.) 
Long Island City (Long Island R. R.)— E. 34th St. Also James Slip. 
Staten Island— Whitehall St. (Battery). 
Weehawken (West Shore R. R.)— VV. 42d St. 

Blackwell's Island— E. 26lh, 52d, 70th and 116th Sts. Hart's Island— E. 116th St 
North Brother Island— E. 138th St. Randall's Island— E. 26th and 120th Sts. Ward's 
Island-E. 116th St. 

ELEVATED RAILROADS. 

The four lines start at the Battery and run to the Harlem River. The stations are 
shown on the folding map, and are as follows: 
Ninth Avenue Line — South Ferry, Battery Place, Rector, Cortlandt, Barclay, Warren. 

Franklin, Desbrosses, Houston, Christopher, West 14th, 23d, 30th, 34th, 42d, 50th. 

59th, 66th, 72d, 81st, 93d, 104th, 116th, 125th, 130th, 135th, 140th, 145th, 155th. 
Sixth Avenue Line— South Ferry, Battery Place, Rector, Cortlandt, Park Place, 

Chambers, Franklin, Bleecker, 8th, 14th, 18th, 23d, 28th, 33d, 42d, 50th (branch to 

58th St. and 6th Ave.), 53d and 8th Ave., 59th and Columbus Ave., 66th, 72d, 81st. 

93d, 104th, 116th, 125th, 130th, 135th, 140th, 145th, 155th. 
Third Avenue Line— South Ferry, Hanover Square, Fulton, Franklin Square, Chatham 

Square (whence branch to City Hall), Canal, Grand, Houston, East 9th, 14th, 

18th, 23d, 28th, 34th, 42d (branch to Grand Central Station), 47th, 53d, 59th, 67th, 

76th, 84th, 89th, 99th, 106th, 116th, 125th, 129th, thence to 133d, 138th, 143d, 149th. 

156th, 161st, 166th, 169th, Wendover Ave., 174th, 177th (Tremont Ave.), 183d, Pelham 

Ave. (Fordham). 
Second Avenue Line— South Ferry, Hanover Square, Fulton, Franklin Square, 

Chatham Square (branch to City Hall), Canal, Grand, Rivington, 1st, 8th, 14th, 

19th, 23d, 34th, 42d, 50th, 57th, 65th, 80th, 86th, 92d, 99th, 111th, 117th, 121st, 127th, 

129th, thence via Third Avenue line to Pelham Ave. 

All lines run all night (except the Second Avenue, from 12:43 A. M. to 5 A. M.). 
Fare 5 cents; children under 5 years free. Free transfers between 6th and 9th Ave. 
are given at Rector St. and 59th St.; between 6th and 9th and 3d and 2d Aves. at the 
Battery; between 3d and 2d at Chatham Square, and between City Hall trains and 
South Ferry trains of the Third Avenue line at Chatham Square. Transfers are given 
to certain surface lines for an extra fare of 3 cents, paid when buying the elevated 
ticket. 

SURFACE CAR LINES 

The fare on all lines is 5 cents. An extensive system of free transfers is in opera- 
tion. The routes of the principal lines running north and south follow: 

Second Avenue Line— From 129th St. via 2d Ave., Cooper Union, Bowery, Broome, 
Centre, to Brooklyn Bridge and Post Office. Branch to Astor Place and Broadway. 

Third Avenue Line— From 130th St. via 3d Ave., Bowery, Park Row to Post office. 
Also from Fort George via Amsterdam Ave., 125th St. and 3d Ave. to Post Office at 
before. 



READY REFERENCE GUIDE. 141 

Fourth and Madison Avenues Line— From 138th St. via Madison Ave., Vanderbill 
Ave., 42d St. (Grand Central Station), 4th Ave., Bowery, Broome, Centre, to Brooklyn 
Bridge and Post Office. A branch to Astor Place and Broadway. 

The Broadway cars run to and from the South Ferry at the Battery. Cars labeled 
"Broadway" run on Broadvay to 44th St., then 7th Ave. to 59th St. and Central Park. 
Cars labeled "Columbus Avenue" run on Broadway to 44th St., then 7th Ave. to 63d 
St., via 53d St. to Columbus Ave. to 109th St. Cars labeled "Lexington Avenue" leave 
Broadway at 23d St. and go north on Lexington Ave., and no transfers are given at 
23d St. for cars going north on Broadway. Cars labeled "Lenox Avenue" follow 
Columbus Ave. route to 109th St., then Lenox Ave. 

Sixth Avenue Line— From Fort George (194th St.) via Amsterdam Ave. to 
Columbus Ave., 59th St., 6th Ave., West Broadway, Fulton, Church, to Battery. 

Eighth Avenue Line— From the Harlem River via 8th Ave., Hudson, Canal, West 
Broadway, Fulton, Church, to the Battery. 

The 23d St. line runs from the Erie and P. R. R. ferries on the North River across 
town on 23d St. to the Brooklyn ferries on the East River. Free transfers north or 
south are given on the 8th, Madison, and Lexington Ave. lines. 

SVBWAY STATIONS. 

* Express stations. 

•SoutTi Ferry. lli;th St - and Broadway. 

•Bowling Green. 125th St. and B'way, and Manhattan St. 

•Wall St. and Broadway. ,:;7 < h St - and Broadway. 

•Fulton St. and Broadway. U5th St. and Broadway. 

i v Hall (Loop), B'way and Murray St. 157th St. and Broadway. 

•Brooklyn Bridge, Park Row and Centre. 168th St. and Broadway. 

Worth and Lafayette Sts. I s1 -' St. and 11th Ave. 

Canal and Lafayette Sts. Dyckman St. and Naegle Ave. 

Spring and Lafayette Sts. 207th St. and Amsterdam Ave. 

Bleecker and Lafayette Sts. 215th St. and Broadway. 

Astor Place and Fourth Ave. 225th St., Kingsbridge. 

•14th St. and Fourth Ave. 230th St. (Bailey Ave.) and Broadway. 

18th St. ?nd Fourth Ave. Lenox Avenue Line. 

23d St. and Fourth Ave. 96th St and Broadway. 

2Sth St. and Fourth Ave. ,,,.,, St aml Lcnox Ave. 

33d St. and Fourth Ave. ,„;,,, St and Lenox Ave . 

•Grand Central Station-42d St. and Van- mth St and Lenox A ve. 

derbilt Ave. 135th St and Lenox Ave . 

Times Square-42d St. and Broadway. u5th St and Lenox A ve. 

50th St. and Broadwav. 

Columbus Circle-59th St. and Broadway. Bronx Park and West Farms. 

66th St. and Broadway. :35th St - and Lenox Ave. 

•72d St. and Broadwav. 149th St. and Mott Ave. 

79th St. and Broadway. u $ lh St -. Third, Melrose, & Willis Ave*. 

86th St. and Broadway. Jackson and Westchester Aves. 

91st St. and Broadway. Prospect and Westchester Aves. 

•96th St. and Broadway. Simpson St. and Southern Boulevard. 

Freeman St. and Southern Boulevard. 
Broadway Line. 171th St. and Boston Road. 

103d St. and Broadway. 177th St. and Boston Koad. 

110th St. and Broadway. Bronx I'ark. 

The West Farms express trains of the Subway run through to Brooklyn; the 

fare from any point in New York to any station in Brooklyn is 5 cents. The running 

time from City Hall, Manhattan, to Borough Hall, Brooklyn, is 11 minutes. 

HOTELS. 

"A" is for American plan. Kates quoted are lowest prices for rooms with board. 
"E" is for European plan. Rates quoted are for lowest-priced rooms without board 
In each case the prices range upward from the minimum rates here quoted. 
For further particulars of hotels in larger type, see also advertising pages. 
Albemarle— Broadway and 24th St. E. $2. 
Albany— Broadway and 41st St 



142 READY REFERENCE GUIDE. 

Albert — University Place and 11th St. E. $1 up. 
Aldine — 431 Fourth Ave. 
Algonquin— 59 West 44th St. E. $2 up. 
Hotel Astor— Times Square. 

Astor House— Broadway, Barclay and Vesey Sts. E. $1. 
Bartholdi— Broadway and 23d St. E. $1.50. 
Belmont — 42c! St. and Park Ave. See advertisement. 
Belvedere— 4th Ave. and 18th St. A, $3. E, $1. 
Breslin— Broadway and 29th St. 
Bretton Hall— Broadway and 85th St. 
Brevoort— Fifth Ave. and 8th St. 

Broadway Central— 671 Broadway. A. $2.50. Week, $21. 
Buckingham— 5th Ave. and 50th St. E. $1.50. 
Cadillac— Broadway and 43d St. E. $1. 
Chelsea— West 23d St., near 8th Ave. 
Churchill— Broadway and 14th St. E. $1. 
Continental— Broadway and 20th St. E. $1. 
Cosmopolitan — Chambers St. and West Broadway. E. $1. 

Cumberland — Broadway and 54th St. E. $2.50 up. See advertisement 
Earle— 103 Waverly Place. 
Earlington— 55 West 27th St. E. $1.50. 
Empire— Broadway and 63d St. E. $1.50. 

findicott — Columbus Ave. and 81st St. A, $3, and E, $1. See adv. 

Espanol— West 14th St., near 6th Ave. 
Flanders — 135 West 47th St. See advertisement. 
Gerard— 123 West 44th St. 
Gotham— Fifth Ave and 55th St. 

Grand — Broadway and 31st St. See advertisement. 
Grand Union— Park Ave. and 42d St. E. $1. 
Gregorian — 35th St., between 5th and 6th Aves. E. 
Grenoble— 7th Ave. and 56th St. E. $1.50. 
Griffon— 19 West 9th St. 
Holley — 36 Washington Square West. 

Herald Square— West 34th St., near Broadway. E. $1.50 
Hoffman House— 5th Ave. and 25th St. E. $2. 
Holland House— 5th Ave. and 30th St. E. $2. 
Imperial— Broadway and 32d St. E. $2. 
Jefferson — Union Square and East 15th St. E. $1. 
Judson — Washington Square South. A. $2. E. $1. 
Knickerbocker— Broadway and 42d St. 
Latham— 4 E. 28th St. E. $1.50 up. 
Lafayette — University Place. 
Lafayette- Brevoort— 5th Ave. and 8th St. 
Longacre— 157 West 47th St. 

Majestic— Central Park West and 72d St. E. $2. 
Manhattan — 42d St. and Madison Ave. E. $2. 
Margaret Louisa Home — No. 14 East 16th St. For women, by previous applirati- — 

E. 50 cents. 
Marlborough— Broadway and 36th St. E. $1.50. 
Marie Antoinette — Broadway and 66th St. 
Marseilles— Broadway and 103d St. 

Martinique — Broadway and 33d St. E. $1.50. See advertisement. 
Martha Washington — West 29th to 30th Sts. For women only. See 

advertisement. 
Misses Pitzer— Rooms and board, 150 East 37th St. See advertisement. 



READY REFERENCE GUIDE. 14* 

Mills No. 1— Bleecker and Thompson Sts. E. 20 cents; meals 15 cents. Men only. 

Mills No. 2— No. 15 Kivington St. Rates as above. Men only. 

Mills New— Seventh Ave. and 36th St. Kates as above. Men only. 

Murray Hill-Park Ave. and 40th St. E. 51.50. 

Navarre— 7th Ave. and 38th St. E. $1.50. 

Netherland— 5th Ave. and 59th St. E. $2. 

New Amsterdam — 4th Ave. and 21st St. E. $1. 

Normandie— Broadway and 38th St. E. $1.50. 

Park Avenue— 4th Ave. and 33d St. A, $3.50. and E, $1. 

Pembroke— 116 East 25th St. See advertisement. 

Pierrepont— 43 West 32d St. E. $2.50 up. 

Plaza— Fifth Ave. and 59th St. 

Redner— Lexington Ave. and 42d St. E. $1. 

Roland— 59th St., near Madison Ave. A, $2, and E, $1. 

Prince George— 14 E. 2Sth St. 

St. Andrew— Broadway and 72d St. E. $1.50. 

St. Denis — Broadway and nth St. E. $1. See advertisement. 

St. George— Broadway and 12th St. A, $2.50, and E, $1. 

St. Marc— 5th Ave. and 39th St. A and E. 

St. Nicholas— No. 4 Washington Place. A, $2.50, and E, 50 cents. 

St. Regis— Fifth Ave. and 55th St. 

Savoy— 5th Ave. and 59th St. E. $2. 

Seville — Madison Ave. and 29th St. 

Sherman Square — Broadway and 71st St. 

Smith & McNeil— Washington and Fulton Sts. E. 50 cents. 

Spalding— 127 West 43d St. 

Times Square— 206 West 43d St. 

Union Square — No. 16 Union Square. E. $1. 

Vanderbilt— 42d St. and Lexington Ave. E. $1. 

Victoria— 5th Ave., Broadway and 27th St. E. $2. 

Virginia— 59th St. and 8th Ave. 

Waldorf-Astoria-5th Ave., 33d and 34th Sts. E. $2.50. 

Wellington — Seventh Ave. and 55th St. 

Willard— 254 West 76th St. 

Wolcott— 4 West 31st St. 

Woodstock-127 West 43d St. 

Woodward — Broadway and 55th St. E. $2.50 up. See advertisement. 
York— Seventh Ave. and 36th St. 
Brooklyn: 

Mansion House— Hicks St., Brooklyn Heights. A $3. 
Pierrepont— Montague and Hicks Sts. A. $2.50 and E. $1. 

ART GALLERIES AND MUSEUMS. 

American Art Galleries — 4 East 23d St. 

American Museum of Natural History— See index. 

American Water Color Society — For time and place of exhibitions see daily papers. 

Brooklyn Institute— See index. 

Lenox Library— See index. 

Metropolitan Museum of Art— See index. 

National Academy of Design — For time and place of exhibition see daily papers 

Van Cortlandt Mansion— See index. 



144 READY REFERENCE GUIDE. 

THEATERS AND AMUSEMENT PLACES. 

Academy of Music— E. 14th St. Hudson— W. 44th St. 

Alhambra— 7th Ave., 126th St. Irving Place— Irving Place. 

American— Eighth Av., 42d St. Keith's— 14th St., near Broadway. 

Astor — Broadway and 45th St. Knickerbocker — Broadway, at 38th St. 

Belasco — 44th St., near Broadway. Lenox Lyceum — E. 59th St. 

Berkeley Lyceum— W. 44th St. Lexington Opera House— Lex. Av., 58th St. 

Bijou— Broadway, 30th St. Liberty— West 42d St. 

Broadway — Broadway, 41st St. Lincoln Square — 1947 Broadway. 

Carnegie Music Hall— 57th St. Lyceum— 45th St., near Broadway. 

Casino— Broadway, 39th St. Lyric— 43d St., near 7th Av. 

Circle— Broadway and 60th St. Madison Sq. Garden— Madison Av., 26th St 

Cohan's — Broadway, 43d St. Majestic — 59th St. and Broadway. 

Colonial — Broadway and 62d St. Manhattan Opera House — West 34th St. 

Comedy— 41st St. bet. B'way & 6th Av. Maxine Elliott — 39th St., near Broadway. 

Criterion— Broadway, 44th St. Metropolis— E. 142d St. and 3d Av. 

Daly's— Broadway, 30th St. Metropolitan Opera House— B'way, 40th St. 

Eden Musee — West 23d St. Murray Hill— Lexington Av., 42d St. 

Empire— Broadway, near 40th St. New Amsterdam— 42d St., 7th Av. 

Fifth Avenue— Broadway, near 28th St. New York— Broadway, 44th St. 

Folies Bergere — 46th, W. of Broadway. Playhouse— 4Sth St., E. of Broadway. 

Gaiety — 46th St. and Broadway. Princess— 29th St. and Broadway. 

Garden— Madison Av., 27th St. Proctor's— (1) 23d St. (2) 5Sth St. (3) 
Garrick— 35th St., near 6th Av. B'way and 2Sth St. (4) E. 125th St. 

Globe— Broadway, 46th St. Savoy— 34th St. and Broadway. 

Grand Central Palace— Lex. Av., 43d St. Stuyvesant— West 44th St. 

Grand Opera House— 23d St., 8th Av. Thirty-ninth Street— 39th St., near B'way. 

Hackett— West 42d St. Victoria— Broadway and 42d St. 

Hammerstein's— Broadway, 42d St. Wallack's— Broadway, 30th St. 

Harlem Opera House— 125th St. Weber's— Broadway, 29th St. 

Herald Square— Broadway, 35th St. West End— 125th St., 8th Av. 

Hippodrome— Sixth Ave. and 43d St. Winter Garden— 50th St. and Broadway. 

CHURCHES. 

There are more than a thousand churches in Greater New York. A list of con 
renient churches will be found in most hotels. The Saturday papers contain church 
announcements. Some churches of the several denominations are. 
Baptist: 

Calvary— West 57th St., between 6th and 7th Aves. (Dr. MacArthur's). 

Judson Memorial— Washington Square. Open daily all day. 
Christian Scientist: 

First Church of Christ— Central Park West and 96th St. 
Congregational: 

Broadway Tabernacle — Broadway and 56th St. 

Plymouth — Brooklyn, Orange St., near Hicks St. 
Friends: 

East 15th St., corner Rutherfurd Place. 
Jewish: 

Temple Beth-El— Fifth Ave. and 76th St. 

Temple Emanu-El— Fifth Ave. and *3d St. 
Lutheran : 

St. James— Madison Ave., corner E. 73d St. 
Methodist Episcopal: 

John Street— 44 John St. 

Madison Avenue — Madison Ave., corner 60th St. 
Presbyterian: 

Brick— Fifth Ave. and 37th St 

Madison Square— Madison Ave., and 24th St. (Dr. Parkhurst's). 
Protestant Episcopal: 

Cathedral of St. John the Divine— Cathedral Heights, W. 113th St. 

Grace— Broadway and 10th St. 

Transfiguration ("Little Church Around the Corner")— No. 5 East 29th St. 



READY REFERENCE GUIDE. M5 

St. Bartholomew's— No. 348 Madison Ave 

St. George's— Rutherford Place. 

St. I'aul's— Broadway and Vesey St. 

Trinity— Broadway and Rector St. 
Reformed: 

Collegiate— Fifth Ave. and 4Sth St. (Rev. Donald Sage Markay). 

Madison Avenue — Madison Ave. and 57th St. 

Marble Collegiate— Fifth Ave. and 29th St. (Dr. Burrel) '«) 
Roman Catholic: 

St. Francis Xavier— West 16th St. and Gth Ave. 

St. Ignatius Loyola— Park Ave. and 84th St. 

St. Leo's— No. 11 E. 2Sth St. 

St. Patrick's Cathedral— Fifth Ave. and 50th St. 
Unitarian: 

Messiah— Park Ave. and Last 34th St. 
Universalist: 

Divine Paternity— Central Park West and 76th St. 
Salvation Army— No. 122 West 14th St. 
Volunteers of America — No. 397 Bowery. 
Young Men's Christian Association — No. 215 West 23d St. 
Young Women's Christian Association — No 7 East 15th St 

HACK AND CAB FARES. 

It is prudent to make a bargain with the hackman in advance. The rate? 
fixed by the city ordinance are as follows. Count 20 blocks north and south, or " 
blocks east and west, to a mile: 

CABS. — 1. For conveying one or more persons any distance, sums not exceeding 
the following amounts: Fifty cents for the first mile or part thereof; and each 
additional half miie or part thereof, 25 cents. 

COACHES.— 3. For conveying one or more persons any distance, sums not ex- 
:eeding the following amounts: One dollar for the first mile or part thereof; and 
each additional half mile or part thereof, 40 cents. 

7. Every owner or driver of any hackney coach or cab shall carry on his coach ot 
cab one piece of baggage, not to exceed 50 pounds in weight, without extra charge, 
but for any additional baggage he may carry he shall be entitled to extra compensa 
tion at the rate of 25 cents per piect 

RED TAXICAB FARES. 

RED TAXICABS First half mile or fraction thereof, 30 cents. Each quarter 
mile thereafter, 10 cents. Each six minutes "f waiting, 10 cents. This tariff applies 
i.i both 'lay and night. < Ine or four persons the same price. For each package or 
trunk carried outside, 20 cents. Xo sending charge in the Borough of Manhattan 
south of 150th street. $1.50 per hour for waiting time. 

ROUTES. 

Battery— Terminal of elevated roads, 8th Av., 0th Av. and Broadway surface lines. 
Bronx Park— Harlem R. R. to Bedford Park Station. Or Third Av. "L" to Park 

I >r Subway to ISOth St. 
Central Park— Sixth Ave. "L" to 5Sth St. Ninth Ave. "L" to E9th St. Fourth 

(Madison), Sixth, Eighth Ave. Surface. Fifth Ave. stages. 
Columbia College— Gth Av. "L" to 104th St., walk one block west, Amsterdam Av. :ar 

< »r Subway to 116th St. 
Grand Central Station By Subway, 3d Ave "I." and 42d St. branch direct t" 

Sixth Ave. "L" or surface line to 42d St. 
Grant's Tomb— An expeditious way— 6th or 7th Ave. "L" to 104th St., walk west two 

blocks, Boulevard car to 119th St. < >r Subway t:> Manhattan St. 
High Bridge— Sixth Ave. "L" to 125th St. and change to Fort George suiface car. 
Morningside Heights — Most expeditious route, 6th Ave. "L" to 104th S\., walk wesl 

one block and take Amsterdam Ave. car. 
Speedway — Sixth Ave. "L" to 125th St., thence Fort George surface car. 
Van Cortlandt Park— Sixth or 9th Ave. "L" to 155th St.. thence N. Y. & Pjtnam R. R 
W%ihington Bridge — Same route 1» for High Bridge. 



Che Pennsylvania Railroad Station. 

The Pennsylvania Railroad enters New York through a series of tun- 
nels from New Jersey, passing beneath the North River, Manhattan 
Island and the East River to Long Island, connecting with the Long 
Island Railroad. Because of the novelty of the engineering devices em- 
ployed, the magnitude of the work, and the revolutionizing effect upon 
passenger traffic to and from the Metropolis, this Pennsylvania connec- 
tion is an achievement second in importance only to the Rapid Transit 
Railroad. It practically makes Manhattan continental instead of insular. 
The tunnel-tube invention by which the difficulties of tunneling the Hud- 
son have been overcome has excited the interest of the engineering world. 
The bed of the Hudson consists of soft mud and clay, of an oozy con- 
sistency to a great depth, and unsuiled to tunnel work. An entirely new 
principle therefore was adopted. Stone piers were built resting upon the 
solid rock beneath the river bed. The piers support a bridge inclosed in 
an 18-foot water-tight steel tube; and carry the railroad track within 
the tube. The bed of the tracks in mid-stream is ioo feet below the 
river bed. There are six of the tubes ; they enter Manhattan in pairs, 
at 31st, 32d and 33d streets, and the tunnel extensions to the East River 
cross the city under the lines of these streets. In passing under Man- 
hattan the tunnel is nowhere less than 19 feet below the surface. On 
the Jersey side the tunnel tracks diverge from the present line of the 
Pennsylvania at a point on the Hackensack meadows east of Newark- 
Electric locomotives are used. 

The terminal station is gigantic in dimensions. It occupies a plot 1,500 
feet in length by 520 in width; covering the four blocks bounded by 31st 
and 33d streets, and Seventh and Ninth avenues — a site acquired for the 
purpose at a cost of $8,000,000. There are twenty-five tracks and more 
than two miles of platforms. The station is modeled upon the Quai 
d'Orsay station in Paris, which is a part of the railroad system which 
tunnels the Seine, but the New York station is double the size of the 
Paris one. A bridge extends over the tracks from 31st to 33d streets, 
with stairways leading down to the tracks. The baggage is handled by 
endless belts, and the equipment throughout is of the very latest appli- 
ances. The work of construction took three years ; the cost, including 
terminals, approximating $50,000,000. The payments to the City of New 
York, as provided by the franchise, will aggregate nearly $2,500,000 for 
the first twenty-five years, exclusive of the 31st Street route; with that 
mute, if built, $50,000 additional. The amounts tQ be pajd will be ad- 
justed every twenty-five years. 



I46 



STREET DIRECTORY. 

All numbered East Side streets from E. 8th to E. 142d begin at 5th Av. and run i... 
East Kivtr. Beginning with E. 11th St., one hundred numbers are used on each 
block between the avenues (Madison and Lexington avenues not considered), l he 
location of any given number is thus definitely indicated. 

All numbered West Side streets from W. 10th to W. 144th begin at 5th av. v e^ 
cept those from 59th to 109th, which begin at Central Park W.) and run to North or 
Hudson River, the same principle of numbering being used. 

All odd numbers are on the north side of the street, the even nu mbers on the south 
side. 

Cross street numbers begin at 5th av. and progress, 100 to the block, as here: 



<- WEST. 


EAST. -> 


> 


>' > 


> 


• 


> 








, 


< 


CQ 


£ 


jO 


a 


CD 




ja 


id 


rt 


Id 


2 


gj 


<u 


- 


s 


00 


i- 


& 


ire 


3 


s 


7» 


- 


< 


< 


500 


400 


300 


200 


100 


1 


1 


100 


200 


300 


400 


500 


to 


to 


to 


to 


to 


to 


to 


to 


to 


to 


to 


to 


599 


499 


399 


299 


199 


99 


99 


199 


899 


899 


199 


599 



Abingdon sq. Bleecker 
f'm Bank to 8th av., 
f'm 2 to 20 8th av., 
f'm 585 to 609 Hud- 
son 

Academy, f'm Harlem 
K., N, of Dyckman, 
W. to Seaman av. 

Albany, f'm 122 Green- 
wich, W. to N. R. 

Alexander Hamilton 
l'k., bet. 9th & 10th 
avs. & W.27th&28th 

Allen, f'm 104 Divi- 
sion, N. to E. Hous- 
ton 
12 Canal 
38 Hester 
66 Grand 
86 Broome 

1 14 1 >elancey 
140 Kivington 
170 Stanton 

Amsterdam av. con- 
tinuation of 10th av. 
f'm W. 59th to 218th 

115 W. 05th 
219 W. 70th 

Broadway 

317 W. 75th 
436 W. 81st 
535 W. 86th 
675 W. 93d 
897 W. 104th 
995 W. 109th 

1315 W. 125th 
1417 W. 130th 
1621 W. 135th 
1715 W. 145th 
1917 W. 155th 
2117 W. 165th 

Ann, f'm 222 Broad- 
way, E. to Gold 

Astor Ct.. f'm 21 W. 
33d, N. to W. 34th 

Astor PI., from 744 
B'way; E. to 3d av. 

Audubon av., f'm W. 
158th, bet. Amster- 
dam av. & B'way, 
N. to Ft. George av. 

Audubon Pk.. bet. W. 
155th and 158th and 
B'way and 12th av. 

Av. A, from 230 E. 
Houston, N. to E. 
93d 
112 7th 



224 E. 14th 

372 E. 23d 
1012 E. 55th 
1112 E. 60th 
1308 E. 70th 
1512 E. 80th 
1752 E. 92d 
Av. B, from 294 E. 
Houston, N. to E. 
79th 

109 7th 

231 E. 14th 

— E. 20th 

Av. C, from 358 E. 
Houston, N. to E.R. 
104 7th 
212 E. 13th 

— E. 18th 

Av. D, from 423 E. 
Houston, N. to E.R. 
90 7th 
158 E. 11th 
Bank, f'm 85 Green- 
wich av, W. toN. R. 
51 W. 4th 
81 Bleecker 

— Hudson 
— Greenwich 

131 Washington 
169 West 
Barclay, from 227 
B'way. W. to N. R. 
23 Church 
53 W. Broadway 
73 Greenwich 
87 Washington 
109 West 
Barrow, f'm 134 Wash- 
ington pi., to N. R. 
Batavia, tm 78 Roose- 
velt, E. to James 
Battery Pk., foot of 

Broadway. 
Battery PI., from 1 
Broadway, W. to 
X. K. 
Baxter, f'm 166 Park 
Row, N. to Grand 
27 Park 
23 Worth 

— Leonard 

— Franklin 
71 Bayard 

— White 

— Walker 
99 Canal 

129 Heater 



Bayard, f'm 70 Divi- 
sion, W. to Baxter 

Beach, from 250 W. 
B'way, W. to N. R. 

Beaver, from 8 Broad- 
way, E. to Pearl. 

— New 
30 Broad 
54 William 
74 Hanover 

Bedford, from 180 W\ 
Houston to Chris- 
topher 
Beekman.f'm 34 Park 
Row, E. to E. R. 
9 Nassau 
37 William 
61 Gold 
89 Cliff 
103 Pearl 
119 Water 
145 Front 
— South 
Beekman PL, f'm 429 

E. 49th, N. to 51st 

Belvedere PI., \V. 

30th, bet. 9th and 

10th avs. 

Bethune, from 591 

Hudson, W. to N.R. 

Birmingham, from 84 

Henry, S. to Madi- 

Bleecker, from 318 
Bowery to Sth av. 

— Elizabeth 

— Mntt 

— Mulberry 
51 Elm 

— Crosby 

.:: r.p>adway 

89 Mercer 
106 Greene 
121 Wooster 
139 W. Broadway 
153 Thompson 
169 Sullivan 
187 Macdougal 
231 Carmine 
295 Barrow 
315 Grove 
327 Christopher 
347 W. 10th 
365 Charles 
389 Perry 
401 W. 11th 
417 Bank 



Bond, f'm 65S Broad- 
way, E. to Bowery 
Boulevard Lafayette, 
f'm B'way, near W. 
156th, N. and W. to 
Dyckman 
Boulevard PL. W. 
130th, bet. 5th and 
Lenox av. 
Bowery, from 13 
Chatham sq., N. to 
4th av. 
29 Bayard 
f}] (anal 
93 Hester 
127 Grand 
151 Broome 
181 Delancey 

Spring 

213 Kivington 

— Prince 
245 Stanton 

279 E. Houston 
303 1st 

— Bleecker 
323 2d 

— Bond 
345 3a 

Great Jones 

361 E. 4th 

379 5th 
395 6th 

— 4th ave. 
Bowling Green, iron. 

Whitehall, W. to 

State. 
Bowling Green Pk., 

foot of Broadway 
Bradhurst av., from 

Edgecomb av. and 

W. I42d, N. to W. 

155th 
Bridge, from 15 State, 

E. to Broad 
Broad, f'm 21 Wall, S. 

to East River 
28 Exchange PI. 
68 Beaver 
72 Marketfield 

- S. William 
88 Stone 

98 Bridge 
100 Pearl 
108 Water 
122 Front 
144 South 



READY REFERENCE GUIDE. 



Broadway. 



Broadway, from 1 Battery 
PI., N. to Spuyten Duyvil 
Creek 

— 8 Beaver 
27 — Morris 

55 — Exchange alley 

56 Exchange PI. 
73 — Rector 

— 86 Wall 

— 106 Pine 
111 — Thames 
119 124 Cedar 
145 144 Liberty 
171 — Cortland 

— 172 Maiden Lane 

— 184 John 
191 — Dey 
207 210 Fulton. 

— 222 Ann 
— Yesey 

! Barclay 
Park PI. 
Mail 
Murray 
Warren 
274 Chambers 
288 Reade 
302 Duane 
— Thomas 
318 Pearl 
334 Worth 
344 Catharine Lane 
347 348 Leonard 
363 362 Franklin 
379 378 White 
399 398 Walker 

413 Lispenard 

417 416 Canal 
429 432 Howard 



227 
237 

247 
259 

271 
L'ST 
303 
317 

333 



b 



461 458 Grand 

487 486 Broome 

527 526 Spring 

567 566 Prince 

609 608 W. & E. Houston 

641 640 Bleecker 

— 658 Bond 
681 — W. 3d 

— 682 Great Jones 
697 694 W. and E. 4th 
713 — Washington PL 
727 — W r averley PI. 

— 744 Astor PI. 
755 754 E. 8th 
785 784 E. 10th 
819 824 E. 12th 
853 858 E. 14th 

Union Sq. E. 15th 
West E. 16th 

857 860 E. 17th 

871 872 E. 18th 

901 900 E. 20th 

957 958 E. 23d 

5th av. 

1099 W. 24th 

1119 W. 25th 

1139 1134 W. 26th 

1183 1172 W. 28th 

li'L'T 1216 W. 30th 

1291 1280 W. 33d 

6th av 

1311 1300 W. 34th 

1391 1390 W. 38th 

1467 1470 W. 42d 

1525 1530 W. 45th 

■ 7th av. 

1549 1550 W. 46th 

1629 1630 W. 50th 

1729 1728 W. 55th 



1829 
1959 



2079 
2157 

2255 



2717 
2N37 
2915 



Trini 
3741 



5147 
51S9 



1810 W. 59th 

— 8th av. 
1S20 W. 60th 
1936 W. 65th 

Columbus av. 

- W. 66th 

W. 71st 

Amsterdam av 

■ W. 72d 

215S W. 76th 

W. 81st 

2398 W. 88th 

— W. 93d 
2574 W. 97th 

— W. 104th 
2S34 W. 110th 
2914 W. 114th 
3134 W. 125th 
31SS Manhattan 
3226 W. 130th 

— W. 135th 
3478 W. 142d 
3674 W. 152d 
W. 153d 

ty Cemetery 
3740 W. 155th 
3936 W. 165th 
4054 W. 171st 
4234 W. ISOth 

W. 185th 

Ft. Washingt'n av. 

4H34 Sherman av. 

Dyckman 

Isham 

Harlem River 

W. 211th 

5160 W. 219th 

Isham 

Terrace View av. 



Broome, f'm 15 East 
St., W. to Hudson 

50 Lewis 

82 Columbia 
178 Clinton 
242 Ludlow 
274 Allen 
336 Bowery 
388 Mulberry 

414 Elm 

442 Broadway 
452 Mercer 
466 Greene 
482 Wooster 
500 W. Broadway 
562 Yarick 
590 Hudson 
Bryant Pk., bet. 5th 
& 6th avs., W. 40th 
& 42d 
Burling SI., from 234 
Pearl to East River 
Canal, from 182 East 
B'way, W. to N. R. 
23 Division 
71 Allen 
105 Forsyth 
145 Bowery 
201 Mulberry 
249 Elm 
283 Broadway 
311 Mercer 
331 Greene 

— Church 
355 Wooster 

375 W. Broadway 
, 395 Thompson 

— Laight 

415 Sullivan 



429 Yarick 
■ — Yestry 
4S5 Hudson 
487 Watts 
503 Renwick 
521 Greenwich 
541 Washington 
Pk. West 
Canal St. Pk., Canal, 

cor. West 
Cannon, fm 53S Grand 

N. to E. Houston 
Carlisle, fm 112 Green- 
wich, W. to N. R. 
Carmine, from 1 6th 
av. to Yarick 
15 Bleecker 
49 Bedford 
SI Yarick 
Caroline, from 211 

Duane, N. to Jay 
Catharine, f'm 1 Divi- 
sion, S. to Cherry 
Catharine Mkt, foot 

Catherine 
Catharine Slip, from 
115Cherry,S. to E.R. 
Cathedral Parkway, 
W. 110th, from 5th 
av. to Riverside av. 
Cedar, f'm 181 Pearl, 
W. to North River. 
39 William 
— Nassau 
89 Broadway 
127 Greenwicn 
143 Washington 
159 West 



Central Park, bet. 5th 

& 8th avs. and 59th 

& 110th Sts. 
Central Park S., 59th 

from 5th to 8th avs. 
Central Park. W., 8th 

av., f'm W. 59th to 

110th 

20 W. 62d 
99 W. 70th 

150 W 75th 
228 W. 83d 
278 W. 88th 
330 W. 93d 
379 W. 9Sth 
439 W. 104th 
477 W. 108th 
Centre, f'm City Hall 
Pk., N. to Broome 
12 Chambers 

68 Worth 
158 Canal 
224 Grand 

Centre Market, Grand 

cor. Centre 
Chambers, f'm 96 Park 

Row, W. to N. R. 

21 Centre 

69 Broadway 
99 Church 

131 W. Broadway 
139 Hudson 
171 Greenwich 
183 Washington 
205 West 
Charles, f'm 37 Green- 
wich av. W. to N. R. 
Charlton, f'm 29 Mac- 
dougal, W. to N. R 



Chatham Sq., from 2 
Mott to Oliver 

Chelsea Sq., bet. 9th 
& 10th avs., 20th & 
21st 

Cherry, f'm 340 Pearl 
E. to East River 

Chestnut, f'm 8 Oak, 
N. to Madison 

Christopher, from 3 
Greenwich av. to 
North River 
31 Waverley PI. 
63 W. 4th 
91 Bleecker 
129 Hudson 
187 West 

Chrystie, f'm 44 Divi- 
sion to E. Houston 

Church, f'm 99 Lib- 
erty, N. to Canal 
17 Cortlandt 
107 Park PI. 
189 Duane 
261 Franklin 
333 Canal 

City Hall PI., from 15 
Chambers to Pearl 

City Hall Sq., bet. 
Tryon Row and 
Spruce St. 

Claremont av., from 
W. 116th, between 
B'way & Riverside 
av., N. to W. 127th 

Claremont PI., from 
Claremont av., N. 
of W. 122, W. to 
Riverside av. ** 



READY REFERENCE GUIDE. 



Clarke, from 638 
Broome, N. to 
Spring 
Clarkson, from 225 
Yarick, W . to X. R. 
.11 101 John, 
N.I"., to Hague 
34 I 

54 Bi ekman 
72 Ferry 

inkforl 
Clinton, from 293 E. 
Houston, S.to J-".. R. 
71 Kivington 
1'',:: i '.rami 

197 K. Broadway 

I nnroe 
255 V 
■ 
Pearl, S to 1-:. R. 
r, from 51, 
. X. to Laight 
Columbia, from 520 
Grand, X. to E. 
Houston 
Columbia PL, 3S6 E. 

8th 
Columbus av\, contin- 
uation of 9th av., 
from W. 59th. X. to 
\V. 127th 

- W . tilth 

'.i, Broadway 
139 w . 66th 
257 \\ . 72d 
315 \\ . 75th 

- W. Slst 
515 W. 85th 

677 \V. 93d 
775 W. 98th 
893 \\ . 104th 
995 W. 109th 
1293 VV. 124th 
Commerce, from 286 
er to Barrow 
Congress, Pro 1 • 7 \Y. 
Houston, S. to King 
Convent av., from 
Columbus av. and 
\\ . 127th, X. to \V. 
162d 

- \V. 127th 

- W. 135th 

- \V. 1 loth 

91 W. 145th 
189 \\ . 160th 

Convent Hill, W. 
130th, bet. St. 
Nicholas and Con- 
vent 
Cooper, from Acad- 
emy, bet. B'way iN 
Seaman av. to I sham 
Pk., junction 
and 4th av-. 
Corlears, from 587 
i. S to E. K. 
Cornelia, Pm 158 W. 
4th, \Y. to Bleecker 
Cortlandt. from 171 
, VV. to X. R. 
26 i hurch 
50 Greenwich 
76 Washington 

92 West 
Cottage PI., Hancock 

St. 



Crosby, f'm 2s How- 
ard, X. to Bleecker 

23 ( irand 
39 I'.i 

71 Spring 
105 Pi 

143 E. Houston 
Delancey, from lsi 

Bowery, E. to I".. R. 
.1 & 187 
□son 
I '1., t'm 1 '.. I2d 

bet. Vanderbilt ..V 

Lexington avs., to 

E. 45th 
Depeyster, from 13!) 

Waur. S. to E. R. 
] lesbrosses, from 195 

Hudson, W. to X.K. 
De Witt Clinton Pk., 

bet. 11th av. and 

Hudson River, and 

5l\1 and 54th 
Dey, t'm 191 

\\ . to North River 

24 Church 

5s t ireenwich 

72 Washington 
88 West 

Division, f'm 1 Bow- 
ery, E. to Grand 

— Chrystie 

— Forsyth 
Bayard 

61 Market 

— Eldridge 
Allen 

107 I'ike 

— Orchard 
1 13 (anal 

— Ludlow 

— Essex 

\\ m. 11. Seward Pk 
Norfolk 

179 [efferson 
uffolk 

1 1 
207 I 

Atti 
217 Montgomery 

— Rii 
I'm 

1 . mverneur 
Dominick, from 13 
W. to Hud 

I'm 340 Pearl, 
S. to East River 

from 21'' 
ker, W. 'o 
Yarick 

f'm 13 Chat- 
ham Sep, to I 
1 '■• Dock, V 

\. to E. 12th 
] >uane. fri >m 40 Rose, 
W. to .North River 
21 Park Row 

idway 
1 l!i W. I '.roadway 
L85 Grei 
21 7 West 
Duncomb PI., E. 
128th, bet. 2d and 
3d avs. 
Dunham PI., 142 W. 

33d 
Dunscomb PL. E. 
50th. bet. 1st av. & 
Beekman Place. 



Dutch, from 49 John 
to Fulton 

Dyckman, from Ilar- 
lem River, S. ol 
Academy, to N. R. 

East, from 750 Wa- 
ter, N. to Rivingt'n 

E. Broadway, f'm 19 
Chatham Square to 

(irand 

i.-irine 
73 Market 
117 I 
163 Rutgers 

189 I. 

nton 
259 Montgomery 
287 < iouverneur 
immel 
East End av., Av. B, 
f'm I-'.. 79th to 89th 
1 E. 79th 
95 E. 84th 

East River Pk. 

— E. 89th 

]•:. Houston, f'm 608 
B'way, E. to E. R. 
s. Bowery 

— 2d av. 

— 1st av. 

— Av. A 
Av. B 

357 Pitt 
Hamilton Pish Pk. 

Av C 
463 Lewis 
509 Mangin 
E. River Pk., bet. 1 
End av. & E. R., 
& E. 84th & E. 89th 
E. 4th. f'm 694 Broad- 
way, E. to E. R. 
20 i tfa tti PI. 

41 Bowery 
Id av. 

130 Nt av. 
180 Av. A 
212 Av. B 
300 W. C 
Vv. 1) 
392 Lewis 
E. 8th, fm 7 5th av., 
E. to East River 

42 University PL 
4 1 i ri 

60 Mi 

130 Broadway 
142 Lafayette PL 

— 4th av. 

St. Mark's PI. 
Tompkins Sq. 
i: 
342 Av. (' 

bia PI. 
408 Av. 1) 
426 Lewis 
E. 9th. from 21 5th 
E. R. 
20 University PI. 
68 Broadway 
'.' ' tth av. 

— 3d av. 

— Stuwesant 
238 2d av. 

348 1st av. 
442 Av. A 

Tompkins Sq. 
650 Av. C 
752 Av. D 



E. 10th, fm 33 5th av. 
East River 
26 University PL 

HI. av. 
98 3d av. 
12s Stuyvesant 
212 1st av. 
288 Av. A. 

1 1 impkins Sq. 
Sq. Av. B 
394 Av. C 
lis Av. I) 
E. 11th, from 41 5th 
av., E. to E. R. 
34 University PL 
s ' Bn ladway 
h av. 
3d av. 
300 2d av. 
400 1st av. 

E Av. A 

600 Av. B 
700 Av. C 
721 Dry Dock 

— Av. D 

E. 12th, fm 51 5th 
av.. !■:. to E. R. 
28 University PI. 
5S Broadway 
100 tth av. 

200 3d av. 
300 2d av. 
400 l,t av. 
5(10 Av. A 
600 Av. B 
700 Av. C 

72S 1 )ry Dock 
800 Av. 1 • 
E. 13th. fm 61 5th av., 
E. to East River, 
numbered like E. 

E. 14th, Pm675th av.. 
E. to East River 

l 'un 'ii Sip. W. 
36 University PL 
60 Broadway 
100 4th av. 

— Irving PL 

201 3d av. 
300 2d av. 
400 1st 

." Av. A 

600 Av. B 
Av. C 
]■'.. 15th, fm 71 5th av., 
East River 
22 1 fnion Sep, W. 
Ill [rving PL 
200 3d av. 

Rutherford PL 
300 2d av. 

— Livingston PI. 
400 1st av. 

E \ . \ 

600 Av. B 

7"! I '- 

K. 16th, fm si 5th av., 
E. to Easl River, 
numbered like E.lSth 

E. 17th. Pm 936th av., 

Easl River. 

numbered like E.lSth 

E. 18th. from 107 6th 

av.. K. to E. R., 

28 Broadway 
100 4th av. 
lis Irving PI. 
200 3d av. 



READY REFERENCE GUIDE. 



300 2d av. 

400 1st av. 
500 Av. A 
600 Av. B 
700 Av. C 
E. 19th, from 117 5th 
av., E. to E. R., 
numbered like E.18th 
E. 20th, from 133 5th 
av., E. to East River 

8 Broadway 
100 4th av. 

— Gramercy Pk. 
124 Irving PI. 

200 3d av. 
300 2d av. 
400 1st av. 
500 Av. A 
E. 21st, from 147 5th 
av., E. to E. R., 
numbered like E.20th 
E. 22d, from 165 5th 
av., E. to East River 

— Broadway 
100 4th av. 

128 Lexington av. 
200 3d av. 
300 2d av. 
400 1st av. 
500 Av. A 
E. 23d, from 185 5th 
av., E. to East River 
2 Broadway 

— Madison av. 
100 4th av. 

200 3d av. 
300 2d av. 
400 1st av. 
500 Av. A 
E. 24th, from 11 
Madison av., E. to 
East River 
100 4th av. 
134 Lexington av. 
200 3d av. 
300 2d av. 
400 1st av. 
500 Av. A 
E. 25th, from 21 Mad- 
ison av., E. to E. R. 
38 Madison av. 
100 4th av. 
132 Lexington av. 
200 3d av. 
300 2d av. 
400 1st av. 
E. 26th, f'ra 215 5th 
av., E. to East River 

— 5th av. 
Madison Sq. N. 
Sq. Madison av. 
100 4th av. 

128 Lexington av. 

200 3d av. 

300 2d av. 

400 1st av. 

500 Av. A 
All numbered East 
Side streets f'm 26th 
to Harlem River 
commence at 5th av. 
and run E. to E.R., 
and are ..numbered 
similar to 26th St., 
a hundred numbers 
being on each block 
between the num- 
bered avenues. 
Edgar, f'm 69 Green- 
wich, to Trinity PI. 



Edgecomb av., from 


Emerson, from Am- 


junc. St. Nicholas 


sterdam av., opp. 


av. and W. 136th to 


W. 207th, to Pres- 


155th 


cott av. 


46 W. 137th 


Essex, from 160 Divi- 


116 W. 140th 


sion, N. to E. Hous- 


230 W. 145th 


ton 


- W. 155th 


Essex Mkt. PI., f'm 


Edgecomb Rd., from 
W. 155th and St 


68 Ludlow, to Essex 
Exchange Al., f'm 55 


Nicholas av., to 


B'way, to Trinity 


Amsterdam av.. 


Place. 


Eighth av., from 598 
Hudson, N. to Har- 


Exchange Ct., 74 Ex- 


change Place 


lem River. 


Exchange PL, f'm 6 


2 Abingdon Sq. 


Hanover to B'way 


20 W. 12th 


Extra PI., rear of 10 


— W. 4th 


1st St. 


60 Horatio 


Farmer's Mkt., Wash- 


Jackson Sq. 
— W. 13th 


ington, cor. Ganse- 
voort 


— Greenwich av. 


Ferry, from 88 Gold 


78 W. 14th 


to Pearl 


160 W. 18th 


Fifth, f'm 379 Bowery, 


254 W. 23d 


E. to East River 


356 W. 28th 


200 Bowery 


474 \V. 34th 


246 2d av. 


568 \V. 38th 


— Av. A. 


678 W. 42d 


752 Av. D. 


718 W. 45th 


Fifth Avenue 


828 W. 50th 


Fifth av., from 12 


888 W. 53d 


Washington Sq. to 


988 \V. 58th 


Harlem River 


Central Park West 


— E. 8th 


2050 W. 11th 


21 E. 9th 


2144 W. 116th 


33 E. 10th 


2224 W. 120th 


67 E. 14th 


2236 St. Nicholas av. 


107 E. 18th 


2330 \V. 125th 


133 E. 20th 


2428 \V. 130th 


185 E. 23d 


2534 W. 135th 


— Broadway 


W. 140th 


249 E. 28th 


W. 145th 


281 E. 30th 


W. 150th 


315 E. 32d 


2910 W. 153d 


353 E. 34th 


Eldridge, f'm 86 Divi- 


387 E. 36th 


sion, to E. Houston 


421 E. 38th 


Eleventh av., f'm W. 


457 E. 40th 


14th, N.toNaegleav. 


499 E. 42d 


80 W. 18th 


545 E. 45th 


180 W. 23d 


623 E. 50th 


280 W. 28th 


703 E. 65th 


394 W. 34th 


751 E. 58th 


552 W. 42d 


775 E. 59th 


700 W. 50th 


787 E. 60th 


794 W. 65th 


837 E. 65th 


862 W. 59th 


884 E. 70th 


West End av. 


939 E. 75th 


— W. 173d 


989 E. 80th 


— W. 180th 


1038 E. 85th 


— W. 190th 


10S9 E. 90th 


— Audubon av. 


1139 E. 95th 


— F. George av. 


1189 E. 100th 


— Naegle av. 


1239 E. 105th 


Elizabeth, from 52 


1289 E. 110th 


Bayard, N. to 


1335 E. 112th 


Bleecker 


1415 E. 116th 


30 Canal 


1475 E. 119th 


100 Grand 


E. 120th 


216 Prince 


Mt. Morris Park. 


270 E. Houston 


2001 E. 124th 


Elm, f'm 14 Reade, 


2021 E. 125th 


N. to Great Jones 


2119 E. 130th 


15 Duane 


2217 E. 135th 


31 Pearl 


2321 E. 140th 


45 Worth 


E. 142d 


61 Leonard 


Harlem River 


Elwood, f'm Hillside 


First, f'm 303 Bowery 


av.. bet. B'way & 
11th av., to Sher- 


E. to Av. A 


27 2d av. 


man av. 


73 st av. 



First av., f'm 166 E 
Houston to Harlerr 
River 
10 1st 
116 7th 
232 E. 14th 
304 E. 18th 
392 E. 23d 

— E. 28th 

— E. 34th 
738 E. 42d 

E. 50th 

1000 E. 55th 
1100 E. 60th 
1200 E. 65th 
1300 E. 70th 
1442 E. 75th 
1528 E. 80th 
1634 E. 85th 
1734 E. 90th 

E. 95th 

1934 E. 100th 
2034 E. 105th 

E. 110th 

Thos. Jefferson Pk. 
2236 E. 115th 

2336 E. 120th 
2434 E. 125th 
Fletcher, from 208 
Pearl, S. to E. R. 
Forsyth, f'm 68 Divi- 
sion to E. Houston 
90 Grand 
188 Stanton 
Ft. George av., from 
Amsterdam av. and 
W. 190th, W. to 
11th av. 
Ft. Washington av., 
f'm B'way and W. 
159th, N. to B'way. 
Fourth av., continu- 
ation of Bowery to 
E. 34th 
39 Astor PI. 
59 E. 9th 
157 E. 14th 
Union Square 
247 E. 20th 
289 E. 23d 
401 E. 28th 
477 E. 32d 
Frankfort, from 170 
Nassau, E. to Pearl 
17 William 
43 Gold 
75 Cliff 
Franklin f'm 64 Bax- 
ter, W. to N. R. 
38 Elm 
64 Broadway 
94 Church 
124 W. Broadway. 
166 Hudson 
194 Greenwich 

198 Washington 
218 West 

Franklin PI., from 68 

Franklin to White 

Franklin Sq., from 10 

Cherry to Pearl 
Front, f'm 49 White- 
hall to Roosevelt, 
and from South cor. 
Montgomery to East 
River 
6 Moore 
21 Broad 
113 Wall 
151 Maiden Lane 

199 Fulton 



READY REFERENCE GUIDE. 



291 Roosevelt 
301 Montgomery 
317 Ciouverneur si. 
371 Jackson 
Fulton". I'm 93 South. 
\V. to North River 
Market Front 
26 Water 
37 Pearl 
:,:; (l,n 
79 Gold 
99 William 
— Dutch 
123 Nassau 
165 Broadway 
187 Church 
225 Greenwich 
239 Washington 
Wesl 
Gansevoort, from 35(5 
W. 4th, X. to N. R. 
Gay, f'm 141 Waver- 
ley PI. to Christo- 
pher 
Goerck, f'm 574 Grand 

X. to 3d 
Gold, from 87 Maiden 
Lane to Frankfort 
12 l'latt 



24 lohn 
50 Fulto 



50 

- Ann 
64 Beekman 
— Spruce 
i Jouv< rni -ii, fn 
Division, S. to Wa- 
ter 
Gouverneur SI., from 
371 South, N. to 
Water 
Gramercy Pk., f'm K. 
20th to E. 2lst, bet. 
3d and 4th avs. 
Grand, f'm 7S Yarick, 
E. to East River 
17 Sullivan 
33 Thompsi 'ii 
49 W. Broadway 
71 Wo 
ST Greene 
106 Mercer 
119 Broadway 
i:;i ( rosby 
161 Elm 
163 Centre 

(Cutrc Market 
171 Baxter 
189 Mulberry 
103 Mot! 
219 Elizabeth 
236 I'.owery 
I rvstie 
269 Forsyth 
289 Fldridge 
307 Allen 
321 Orchard 
339 Ludlow 

373 Norfolk 

389 Suffolk 

407 Clinton 

423 Attorney 

441 Ridge 

459 Pit! 

471 Division 

473 E. Broadway 

— Willett 

— Sheriff 

— Columbia 
627 Henry 

— — Cannon 



641 Jackson 

— Lewis 
567 Madison 

— Goerck 
589 Corlears 

— Mangin 
599 Monroe 

— Tompkins 
626 East 

Grand Circle, 8th av., 
bet, W . 58th & W. 
60th 
Great Jones, f'm 682 

B'way, to Bowery 
Greeley Sq., between 
Broadway and 6th 
av., 32d and 34th 
Greene, from 331 
Canal, N. to E. 8th 
36 < Irand 
."■I I'.roome 
84 Spring 
120 l'rince 
L46 W . Houston 
182 Bleecker 
I'll \\ . 3d 
224 W. 4th 
246 W ashington PI. 
260 E. sili 
Greenwich. from 4 
Battery PL, to 
( iansevoort 
89 Hector 
139 Cedar 
L49 Liberty 
169 Cortlandt 
185 Dey 
197 Fulton 
213 Yesey 
229 Barclay 
249 1'ark PI. 
267 Murray 
283 Warren 
301 Chambers 
369 Franklin 
477 Canal 
683 W . Ibmston 
677 Christopher 
696 W. 10th 
796 W . 12th 
819 Horatio 
Green wich av., from 
106 6th av. to 8th 
av. 

— Christopher 
Tefferson Market 

16 W. 10th 

— Charles 

— Perry 
72 W. 11th 
71 7th av. 

— Bank 
88 W. 12th 

— Jane 
118 W. 13th 
— Horatio 

Grove, from 488 Hud- 
son to Waverley pi. 
1- Bedford 
18 Bieecker 
76 \\ . lib 
Hague, f'm 367 Pearl 

W. to Cliff 
Hamilton, from 73 
Catharine, E. to 
Market 
Hamilton Fish 
bet. Stanton, 
Houston, Pitt 

Sheriff 



Pk., 
E. 

and 



Hamilton PI., from 
Broadway c. 137th 
to Amsterdam and 
144th 

Hamilton Ter., from 
W. 141st, n. Con- 
vent av., N. to W. 
141th 

Hi. k. f'm 176 W. 

Houston, North to 
Bleecker 

I [ancock PL, Manhat- 
tan, from St. Nich- 
olas av. to Colum- 
bus av. 

Hancock Sq., bet. St. 
Nicholas and Man- 
hattan avs. and W. 
123d 

r, f'm 57 Wall 
S. to Pearl 

1 1, mover Sq., from 105 
Pearl to Stone 

Hanson PL, 2d av , 
bet. E. 124th and 
125th 

Harlem River Drive- 
way, f'm W. L55th 
and Edgecomb Rd., 
X. to Dyckman 

1 [arrison, f'm 81 1 1 ud 
son, \\ . to X. R. 

Harry Howard Sq., 
bet. Canal, Wall-er, 
Baxter & Mulberry 

Henry, f'm 14 I >li\ er, 

E. to ('.rami 
Herald Sq., between 

B'way, 6th tv., W. 
"HI, and 36lh 

Hester, from 216 Div- 
ision, W. to Centre 

Hillside av., from 
Broadway and Nac- 
gle av to 11th av. 

Horatio. f'm 129 Green- 
wich. W. to N. R. 

Howard, f'm 201 Cen- 
tre. W. to Mercer 

10 Elm 

28 ("rosby 
12 Broadway 
Hubert, f'm 149 Hud- 
son. W. to X. R. 
Hudson, from 139 
Chambers, N. to 
!Hli av. 
16 Reade 
28 Duane 
100 Franklin 
206 Canal 
384 W. Houston 
402 Clarkson 
500 Christopher 
598 8th av. 

Abingdon Sq. 
684 W. 14th 
Irving PL, f'm 117 E. 
14th, X. to E. 20th 

11 B. 16th 
30 E. 16th 
50 E. 17th 
6) E. 18th 
78 E. 19th 

Jackson, from 338 
Henry, S. to E. R. 

Jackson Sq., 8th av., 
bet. Horatio and 
Greenwich av. 

Jacob, from 19 Ferry 

to Frankfort 



James, from 215 Park 

Row, S. to James Sh 

Slip, from 77 

Cherry. S. to E. R. 

lane, from 113 < ireen- 

wich av. to X. R. 
lav. from 61 Hudson, 
\\ . to North River 
Jeannette Pk., ( oen 
ties SI., bet. Front 
and South 
Jefferson, from 179 
I livision, S. to E. R. 
Jefferson Market, 6th 
av., cor Greenwich 
av. 
Jersey, f'm 127 Crosby 

E, to Mulberry 
lolin. f'm 184 B'way, 
I to Pearl 
30 Xassau 
— Dutch 
68 William 
88 Gold 
Cliff 
120 Bearl 
Jones, f'm 174 W. 4th, 

W. to Bleecker 

King, from -11 Mac- 

■ I. W. to N.R. 

Kingsbridge av., f'm 

Terrace Yiew av. to 

Spuyten 1 >uy^ il Ck. 

Kingsbridge Rd., f'm 

Amsterdam av. & 

\\ I62d, N. to W. 

170th 

Lafayette PL, f'm 8 

Great (ones, N. to 
E. 8th 

Laight. from 398 Ca- 
nal, W. to X. R. 

Lenox av., fm 110th 
N. to Harlem River 

i,; w. mth 
120 \\ . U6th 
128 W. 120th 
298 W . 125th 
398 W. 130th 
494 \\ . i. 15th 
598 W. L40th 
698 W. 145th 
77s w . 1 19th 
Leonard, f'm 92 ll id 

son, E. tO Baxter 

36 W. Broadway 

64 Church 
98 Broadway 
118 I'd m 
140 Centre 
Leroy. f'm '-'is Bleeck- 
er, W. to X. R. 
Lewis, f'n 556 Grand. 

\. to E. sib 
Lexington av., from 
121 E. 21st, X. to 
Mi' ,:, Ki\ er 
17 K. 23d 
28th 

149 I Bth 

555 E. 50th 

k,:, E. 56th 

763 E. 60th 
I 65th 

961 E. 70th 
L066 E. 75th 
1169 E. 80th 
1269 K. S5th 
1369 E. 90th. 



READY REFERENCE GUIDE. 



1469 E. 90th 
1565 E. 100th 
1673 E. 105th 
1773 E. 110th 
1857 E. 115th 

E. 120th 

2063 E. 125th 

E. 130th 

liberty f'm 76 Maiden 

Lane, W. to N. R. 
13 William 
51 Nassau 
57 Liberty PI. 
75 Broadway 

97 Church 
123 Greenwich 
137 Washington 
147 West 

Liberty PL, from 57 

Liberty to Maiden 

Lane 
Lispenard, f'm 151 W. 

B'way to B'way 
Little W. 12th, from 

Gansevoort to N.R. 
Livingston PL, from 

325 E. 15th to E. 17th 
London Ter., W. 23d, 

bet. 9th & 10th avs. 
Long Acre Sq., bet. 

B'way, 7th av. & W. 

43d 
Ludlow, f'm 144 Divi- 
sion, N. to E. 

Houston 
Macdougal, from 219 

Spring, N. to W. 8th. 
70 W. Houston. 

98 Bleecker 
154 W. 4th 

Washington Sq. 

— W. 8th 

Macdougal Allev, f'm 

Macdougal, n 8th, E. 

Madison, from 426 

Pearl, E. to Grand 

72 Catharine 

224 Tefferson 

384 Jackson 
Madison av., from 29 
E. 23d, N. to Har- 
lem River 
61 E. 27th 

117 E. 30th 

183 E. 34th 

245 E. 38th 

315 E. 42d 

351 E. 45th 

439 E. 50th 

549 E. 55th 

651 E. 60th 

751 E. 65th 

841 E. 70th 

953 E. 75th 
1047 E. 80th 
1141 E. 85th 
1245 E. 90th 
1351 E. 95th 
1449 E. 100th 
1553 E. 105th 
1647 E. 110th 
1747 E. 115th 
1847 E. 120th 
Mt. Morri 
1943 E. 125th 
2049 E. 130th 
2149 E. 135th 
Madison Sq., bet. 5th 
and Madison avs., 
E. 23d and E. 26th 



Park 



Madison Sq. N., E. 
26th, bet. 5th and 
Madison avs. 
Maiden Lane, from 
172 B'way to E. R. 
26 Nassau 
62 William 
76 Liberty 
106 Pearl 
134 Water 
144 Front 
168 South 
Mail, from Broadway, 
opp. Park PL, E. to 
Park Row 
Mangin, from 590 
Grand, N. to E. 
Houston 
Manhattan, from 444 
E. Houston, N. to 3d. 
Manhattan av., from 
W. 100th, bet. Cen- 
tral Park, N. and 
Columbus av., N. to 
St. Nicholas av. 
Marion, from 404 

Broome, N. 
Market, f'm 61 Divi- 
sion, S. to E. R. 
Marketfield, from 72 

Broad, W. 
Mercer, f'm 311 Canal, 
N. to E. 8th 
14 Howard 
34 Grand 
64 Broome 
100 Spring 
138 Prince 
170 W. Houston 
210 Bleecker 
246 W. 3d 
260 W. 4th 
274 Washington PL 
Milligan P1..139 6th av 
Minetta, from 209 
Bleecker to Minetta 
Lane 
Minetta La., from 113 
Macdougal to 6th 
av. 
Mission PL, from 5S 
Park, N. to Worth 
Mitchell PL, E. 49th, 
1st av. to Beekman 
Place. 
Monroe, f'm 59 Cath- 
arine, E. to Grand 
Montgomery, f'm 247 
Division, S. to E.R. 
Moore, f'm 30 Pearl, 

S. to East River 
Morningside av.. E., 
from W. 110th, opp. 
Manhattan av., N. 

to w. 123d 

— W. 110th 

— W. 112th 
10 W. 115th 
17 W. 116th 
29 W. 117th 
39 W. 118th 
60 W. 120th 
78 W. 122d 

Morningside av. W., 

from W. 110th, W. 

of Columbus av. to 

122d 
Morningside Pk., bet. 

Morningside av., E. 

& W. and W. 110th 

and W. 123d 



Morris, f'm 27 B'way 
W. to North River 
Morton, from 270 
Bleecker, W. to N. 
R. 
Mott, from 200 Park 
Row, N. to Bleecker 
82 Canal 
144 Grand 
206 Spring 
292 E. Houston 
Mt. Morris Pk. W., 
from W. 130th, bet. 
5th and Lenox avs., 
to W. 124th 
1 W. 120th 
10 W. 121st 
18 W. 122d 
30 W. 123d 
38 W. 124th 
Mulberry from 186 
Park R'w to Bleeck- 

8 Worth 
88 Canal 
150 Grand 
254 Prince 
292 E. Houston 
Murrav, from 247 
B'way, W. to N. R. 
29 Church 
61 W. Broadway 
87 Greenwich 
95 Washington 
111 West 
Nassau, f'm 20 Wall, 
N. to Park Row 

— Pine 
26 Cedar 
38 Liberty 

54 Maiden Lane 
70 Tohn 
90 Fulton 
102 Ann 
136 Beekman 
152 Spruce 
170 Frankfort 
New, from 7 Wall, S. 

to Beaver 
New Bowery, f'm 396 
Pearl, N. to Park 
Row 
New Chambers, from 
107 Park Row, E. to 
Cherry 
12 William 

— Pearl 
36 Rose 

52 New Bowery 

— Roosevelt 
92 Cherry 

Ninth av., f'm Ganse- 
voort, N. to W. 59th 

— W. 14th 
122 W. 18th 
206 W. 23d 
350 W. 30th 

— W. 34th 
580 W. 42d 
740 W. 50th 
840 W. 55th 
924 W. 59th 

Norfolk, f'm ISO Divi- 
sion, North to E. 
Houston 

North Moore, f'm 234 
W. Rroadwy, W. to 
North River 

North William, from 
16 Frankfort to Park 
Row 



Oak, f'm 392 Pearl, E. 

to Catharine. 
Old SI., f'm 106 Pearl, 

S. to East River 
Oliver, f'm 63 New 
Bowery, S. to E. R. 
Orchard, f'm 124 Divi- 
sion, N. to E. 
Houston 
Park, from 36 Centre, 

E. to Mott 
Park av., continuation 
of 4th av. from E. 
34th, N. to H. R. 
65 E. 38th 
135 E. 42d 
375 E. 53d 
497 E. 59th 
607 E. 65th 
717 E. 70th 
819 E. 75th 
911 E. 80th 
1015 E. 85th 
1115 E. 90th 
1217 E. 95th 

E. 100th 

1407 E. 105th 
1507 E. 110th 
1635 E. 116th 
1711 E. 120th 
1817 E. 125th 
1915 E. 130th 

E. 133d 

Park PL, from 237 
Broadway, W. to 
North River 
27 Church 
57 W. Broadway 
71 Greenwich 
91 Washington 
107 West 
Park Row. f'm 1 Ann, 
E. to Chatham Sq. 
34 Beekman 
41 Spruce 

— Mail 

53 Frankfort 
89 N. William 

— Chambers 

107 New Chambers 
109 Duane 
163 Pearl 

— Baxter 
187 Roosevelt 

— Mulberry 
215 James 

— Worth 

— Mott 

231 New Bowery 
Pearl, f'm 14 State, E. 
and N. to B'way 
24 Whitehall 
52 Broad 

— William 
152 Wall 

194 Maiden Lane 
266 Fulton 
286 Beekman 
348 Franklin Sq 
396 New Bowery 

— Vandewater 

— William 
464 Park Row 
512 Centre 
536 Elm 

554 Broadway 

Peck Slip, from 312 
Pearl, E. to South 

Pelham, f'm 96 Mon- 
roe, S. to Cherry 



READY REFERENCE GUIDE. 



Tell, f'm 18 Bowery, 

\\ , to Mott 
Perry, from 55 < ireen- 
wich av., W toN. R. 
Pike, from 107 Divi- 

E. R. 
Pine, f'm 106 B'way, 
K. to East River 
13 Nassau 
45 William 
79 Pearl 

85 Water 
91 Front 

Pitt, f'm 276 Division 

X. to E. Houston 
Piatt, f'm 221 

W. to William 
Pleasant av.. f'm 1':. 

1 li. E. Of 1-t av.. 

N. to Harlem River 
182 E. IH'th 
U6th 
376 E. 120th 

— E. i 

Prince, f'm 230 Bow- 
ery, W. to Macdou- 
gal 
15 Elizabeth 

?9 Broadway 

idway. 

180 Sullivan 

in 22 Duane, 
W. to North River 

11 Elm 

12 Broadway 
112 W. Broadway 
191 v 

Rector, f'm 7:; Broad- 
way, W, to X. R. 

Canal. X. to Spring 
Ridge, from 25 

. ti I . Hous- 
ton 
Riverside av., from 
\\. 72d, 1><;. V\ . t 
End av. ami ll'th 
av.. X. to Manhattan. 
26 W. Tf.th 
39 w . 76th 
49 W. 77th 
71 W, 79th 
7S W. 80th 

86 w . 

95 W. 82d 
109 W. 83d 
129 W . 86th 
117 W. 87th 
162 V- 

185 W. 91st 
280 W. 1""th 
318 w . iMiih 
354 \\ . 108th 

— W. 110th 

— W. U6th 

— \\ 

— W. 129th 
Riverside Pk., bet, 

ide av.. Hud- 
River, W. 72d 
and 129th 
Rivington, from 213 
. 1 ■". ti i E. R. 
67 Allen 
161 Clinton 
267 i olumbia 
321 Coerck 
371 East 



elt, from 187 
Park Row, S. to 
River 
59 New Chambers 
117 V 
137 South 

14 Frank- 
fort, E. to Pearl 
Rutgers, f'm 26 Canal, 

S. to East River 
Rutherford PI., from 
I I L7th, S. to 

St Clement's PL, 

OUgal, from W. 

Hou ton to Bleeck- 

cr. and Waverley 

PI. to 8th 

St. Mark'- PI., E. 
8th, from 3d av. to 

St. Nicholas av.. f'm 
av. ami W. 
Ilnth to Amsterdam 
av. and W. 161st 
20 Lenox 
54 \\ . 113th 
110 w. 116th 
218 W. 121st 

! i av. 
258 \\ . 123d 
276 W. 1 24th 
336 W . 127th 
100 W . 130th 
190 w . 135th 
694 W 
796 V\ 

970 V\ 159th 

PL, f'm 

St. Nicholas av. & 

W. 149th, X. to w. 

L55th 
St. Nicholas Ter., f'm 

W. 127th and St. 

Nicholas av.,tol 10th 
Scammel, f'm 299 E. 

B'way, S. to \\ ater 
Second, f'm 3 

< tv. E. to Av. 1> 
1 av. 

1 15 Av. A 

W. C 
Second av., f'm U - E. 
Houston, N. 
hiii River 

116 7th 

14th 

498 E. 28th 

. 34th 

42d 

50th 

. 70th 
SOth 

E. 100th 

21 Hi', E. 110th 

U5th 
120th 

2498 I 

20 1th av., E 
R. 

Id av. 
130 Av. A 

300 Lewis 



r,. .12 



Seventh av.. from 74 
( Ira-iitt ich av . X 
ntral I'ark. iV 
from W. 110th, X. 
ti Harlem River 
53 W. 11th 
133 W. 18th 
219 W. 23d 
28th 
439 W. 34th 
599 W. 42d 
759 W . 50th 
861 W. 55th 
941 I i ntral Pk. S. 
Central I'ark 

1MH \\ . 1111th 

1893 W. 115th 

St. Nicholas av. 

1921 W. 116th 
1999 W. 120th 
2039 W. 122d 
2089 W. 125th 
2161 W. 128th 
2197 W. 130th 
135th 
2339 W. 137th 
2413 W. 141st 

\Y ! . 

W . 119th 
W. ' 

Harlem K i\ i r 
Sheriff. from 

Grand, X. to 2d 
Sherman av., from 

and Elw I, 

N. to Wu-t. rdam 
av., and \Y. 211th 
Sherman Sq.. bet. 
B'way, W 
av. and W. 73d 
Sixth, f'm 395 Bowery 

River 
Sixth av.. from Car- 
mine. X T . to Central 
I'ark 
36 W. 4th 

Greenwich av. 
130 W. 10th 
208 W. 11th 
228 W. 15th 
2 is W. 16th 
266 W. 17th 
286 W. 18th 
29v W. I'.'tl, 
— \\ . 
338 W. 21st 
356 W. 22d 
374 W. 23d 
412 W. 25th 
462 W 
636 W . 32d 

Bn ladway 
612 W. 36th 
Sq. V\ 
792 W. 45th 
886 w 
97.; V\ 

k, S. 
•in 66 White- 
hall. E. to E. R. 
11 Broad 
5S Wall 

75 Maiden Lane 
93 Cilton 
— Beekman 

is fames Slip 
tarket 

mton 
386 Jackson 



Corlears Hook Pk. 
East i 
South William, from 
7 William to Hi i .ad 

lem River Drive- 
way). 
Spring, f'm 1S8 Bow- 
ers. W. to X. K. 
11 Elizabeth 
46 Mulberry 
I . 

idway 
121 Greene 
157 \\ . Bn ladway 
197 Sullivan 
259 \ arick 
291 Hudson 
317 < ireenwich 
353 W est 

from II I'ark 
I to Gold 

ery, E. to I'.. R. 

7:: Allen r 

133 .Norfolk 

Hamilton Fish 1'rk 
271 Columbia 
351 Tompkins 
State, from 48 White- 
hall to Broadway 
1 Wlnt, hall 
is r 

23 Bridge 

30 Bowfing Green 

St. -i. . f'm 13 W Inte- 
haii to Wiiiiam 

nit. f'm 29 3d 
av.. E. to 2d av. 
1 1 E. 9th 
46 E. 10th 
Stuyvesanl Sq., het. 
Rutherford PI. and 
Livingston PL, K. 
nd E. 17tl, 
Suffolk, fm 20 

sion to E. Houston 

Sullivan. from 415 

Canal. X. to W. 3d 

21 < irand 

66 Broome 

166 W . Houston 

lleecker 

from SS Lib- 

S. to Thames 

Tenth av., from 512 

W« t. N. to W. 59th 

66 W. 11th 

22.. \\ 

312 W. 28th 
571 W . I2d 
634 W. 45th 
828 W . 55th 
ssv W. 58th 
Thames. from 111 
B'way to Greenwich 
Third, f'm 346 Bow- 
erv. I'., to E. R. 

Id av. 
1 12 A \ 
'.li 
394 Goerck 
Third av., continua- 
tion of Bowery, N. 
to Harlem River 
10th 
i 13 I . 11th 
203 E. 18th 
299 E. 23d 



READY REFERENCE GUIDE. 



391 E. 28th 

429 E. 30th 

505 E. 34th 

657 E. 42d 

773 E. 4Sth 

875 E. 53d 

989 E. 59th 
1047 E. 62d 

E. 67th 

1201 E. 70th 
1309 E. 75th 

1409 E. 80th 

1505 E. 85th 

1599 E. 90th 

1693 E. 95th 
1799 E. 100th 

1923 E. 106th 

2001 E. 110th 

2133 E. 116th 

2199 E. 120th 

2297 E. 125th 

E. 130th 

Harlem River 

Thirteenth av., from 

148 Gansevoort, N. 

to W. 30th 
Thomas, from 317 

B'way, W. to Hud- 
son 
41 Church 
73 W. Broadway. 
Thompson, from 395 

Canal, N. to W. 4th 
20 Grand 
82 Spring 

160 W. Houston 

204 Bleecker 
Tompkins, from 606 

Grand, N. to E. R. 
Tompkins Sq., bet. 

Avs. A and B., E. 

7th and E. 10th 
Trinity PL, from 6 

Morris, N. to Lib- 
erty 
Tryon Row, from 1 

Centre, E. to Park 

Row 
Twelfth av., from foot 

W. 30th, N. to W. 

151st 
Union Square, bet. 

B'way, 4th av., E. 

14th and E. 17th 
Union Square E., 4th 

av. from E. 14th to 

E. 17th 
Union Square W., 

B'way. from E. 14th 

to E. 17th 
University PI., from 

29 Waverley PI. to 

E. 14th 
Vandam, f'm 13 Mac- 
dougal to Green- 
wich 
Yanderbilt av., from 

27 E. 42d to E. 45th 
Vandewater, from 54 

Frankfort, E. to 

Pearl 
V arick, f'm 130 Frank- 
lin, N. to Carmine 
70 Canal 
108 Broome 
204 W. Houston 
230 Carmine 



Vesey, from B'way, 
opp. 222, W. to N.R. 
30 Church 
66 W. Broadway 
70 Greenwich 
86 Washington 
110 West 
Vestry, f'm 428 Canal, 
W. to North River 
26 Hudson 

56 Washington 
Walker, from 135 W 

B'wav, E. to Canal 
29 Church 
69 Broadway 
93 Elm 
109 Centre 
Wall, from 86 B'way, 
E. to East River 
7 New 

Nassau 

21 Broad 
51 William 

57 Hanover Sq. 
75 Pearl 

89 Water 
103 Front 
119 South 
Warren, from 259 
B'way, W r . to N. R. 
32 Church 
62 W. Broadway 

96 Greenwich 
106 Washington 

Washington, from 6 
Battery PL. to W 
14th 

97 Rector 
145 Cedar 
153 Liberty 
169 Cortlandt 
179 Dey 

191 Fulton 

205 Yesey 

221 Barclay 

239 Park PL 

255 Murray 

271 Warren 

285 Chambers 

347 Franklin 

475 Canal 

565 W*. Houston 

647 Christopher 

655 W. 10th 

765 W. 12th 

815 Gansevoort 
Washington PL, from 
713 Broadway, W. 
to Grove 
21 Greene 

35 Wash'ton Sq., E. 
61 Macdougal 
89 6th av. 
— Barrow 
Washington Sq., bet. 
Wooster, Macdou- 
gal, W. 4th and 
Waverley PL 
Washington Sq. E., 
from 43 W. 4th to 
Waverley PL 
Washington Sq. N., 
f'm 29 to 89 Wav- 
erley PL 
Washington Sq. S., 
from 54 to 126 W. 
4th 
Washington Sq. W., 
f'm 148 to 165 Mac- 
dougal 



Water, f'm 41 White- 
hall, E. to E. R. 
21 Broad 
113 Wall 
199 Fulton 
321 Roosevelt 
389 Catharine SI. 
469 Pike 
565 Clinton 
685 Jackson 

— East 

Watts, f'm 44 Sulli- 
van, W. to N. R. 
Waverley PL, from 
727 B'way, to Bank 
23 Greene 

— Wash'ton Sq. E. 
57 5th av. 
123 6th av. 
183 W. 10th 
231 W. 11th 
West, f'm 12 Battery 
PL, N. to 10th av. 

56 Rector 
102 Liberty 
130 Fulton 
Mkt. Yesey 

147 Barclay 
185 Chambers 
215 Franklin 
271 Desbrosses 
293 Canal 

Mkt. Spring 

321 Charlton 

342 W. Houston 

387 Christopher 

425 W. 11th 

485 W. 12th 

533 Gansevoort 

542 10th av. 
West Broadway, from 
66 Yesey, N. to W. 
4th 
35 Park PL 
75 Warren 
93 Chambers 

163 Worth 

205 Franklin 

297 Canal 

331 Grand 

363 Broome 

399 Spring 

439 Prince 

519 Bleecker 

563 W. 3d 
West End Av., 11th 
av. from W. 59th 
to W. 107th 
54 W. 62d 

154 W. 67th 

256 W. 72d 

318 W. 75th 

378 W. 78th 

436 W. 81st 

516 W. S5th 

598 W. 89th 

678 W. 93d 

758 \V. 97th 

S22 W. 100th 

S98 W. 104th 

— W. 106th 

— Broadway 

— W, 107th 

W. Houston, from 609 
B'way to N. R. 
18 Mercer 
38 Greene 
60 Wooster 
82 W. Broadway 

148 Macdougal 



236 Varick 
276 Hudson 
310 Greenwich 

328 Washington 
348 West 

West 3d, from 681 
B'way, W. to 6th av. 
9 Mercer 
29 Greene 

— Wooster 

57 W. Broadway 
77 Thompson 

— Sullivan 
111 Macdougal 

W. 4th, f'm 697 B'way, 
W. to W. 13th 
11 Mercer 
31 Greene 
43 Wash. Sq. E. 

— Wooster 

— W. Broadway 

— Thompson 

— Sullivan 

— Macdougal 
151 6th av. 
193 Barrow 
231 W. 10th 
281 W. 11th 
319 W. 12th 
333 8th av. 

— Gansevoort 

W. 8th, f'm 8 5th av., 

W. to 6th av. 
W. 9th, f'm 22 5th av., 

W. to 6th av. 
W. 10th, f'm 32 5th 
av., W. to N. R 
71 6th av. 
127 Greenwich av. 
153 Waverley PL 
181 W. 4th 
209 Bleecker 
245 Hudson 
265 Greenwich 
279 Washington 

Weehawken 

307 West 

W. 11th, f'm 46 5th 
av., W. to N. R. 

77 6th av. 
167 7th av. 
— Greenwich av. 
213 Waverley PI 
253 W. 4th 
285 Bleecker 
297 Hudson 
309 Greenwich 
345 Washington 
375 West 
W. 12th, from 5S5th 
av., W. to N. R. 
83 6th av. 
175 7th av. 
229 Greenwich av. 
281 W. 4th 
293 8th av. 

329 Greenwich 
371 Washington 
401 West 

W. 13th, from 70 5th 
av., W. to N. R. 

69 6th av. 
161 7th av. 
253 Greenwich av. 

W. 4th 

337 Hudson 
455 10th av. 

W. 14th, from 82 5th 
av., W. to N. R. 
101 6th av. 



READY REFERENCE GUIDE. 



201 7th av. 
301 8th av. 
401 9th av. 
501 10th av. 
601 11th av. 

— 13th av. 
North River 

All streets on the 
West side from 14th 
t" 58th, inclusive, 
begin at Fifth av., 
run to the Hudson 
River and are num- 
bered similar to \\ . 
Mill. a hundred 
numbers being used 
on each block. 

\V. 59th. from Crand 
Circle. W. to N. R. 
359 Columbus av. 

— 9th av. 

— 10th av. 

— West End av. 

— 11th av. 

W. 60th, from 1855 
B'way, W. to N. R. 
101 Columbus av. 
'Jul Amsterdam av. 
301 West End av. 
W. 61st, f'm Central 
Park West toN. R. 
1 Central I'k. W. 

— Broadway 

101 Columbus av. 

201 Amsterdam av. 

301 West End av. 
All streets on the 
West side from W. 
61st to W. 109th 
street, inclusive, be- 
gin at Central Park 
West, and are num- 
bered similar to W. 
til ^t. a hundred 
numbers being used 
on each block. 
W. UOth (Cathedral 
Parkway), f'm 5th 
av. W. to Riverside 
av. 

— St. Nicholas av. 

— Lenox av. 

— 7th av. 

— 8th av. 

— Manhattan av. 

— Columbus av. 

— M'gside .'u E. 
Mormngside l'k 

— M'gside av. W. 

— Amsterdam av. 
547 Broadway 

W. 111th. Pm 5th av., 
W. to Riverside av. 
W. 112th, f'm 5th av., 
W. to Riverside av. 
li'l Lenox a v. 
105 St. Nicholas av 
201 7th av. 
301 8th av. 
829 Manhattan av. 

— M'gside av. E. 
Moraingside Park. 
401 M'gside av. W. 
601 Amsterdam av. 
601 Broadway 



All streets from W. 
112th to W. 120th, 
inclusive, begin at 
5th av., run W. to 
Riverside av., and 
are numbered simi- 
lar to W. 112th 
\V. 121st. from Mt. 
Morris Pk., W. to 
Riverside av. 

101 Lenox av. 

201 7th av. 

273 St. Nicholas av. 

301 8th av. 

317 Manhattan av. 

364 M'gside av. E. 

401 M'gside av. W. 

501 Amsterdam av. 

601 Broadway 
W. 122d. from Mount 
Morris Pk. to Riv- 
erside av. 
W. 123d, from Mount 
Morris Pk., to Riv- 
erside av. 
W. 124th, Pm 2002 5th 

av.. \Y. to B'way 
W. 125th. f'm 2020 5th 
av., W. to Clare- 
mnnt av. 

101 Lenox 

201 7th av. 

301 Sth av. 

335 St. Nicholas av. 

401 Columbus av. 

413 Manhattan av. 

501 Amsterdam av. 

601 Broadway 
All streets from W. 
125th to W. 143d be- 
gin at 5th av., run 
\Y. to North River 
and are numbered 
similar to W. 125th 
W. 144th, f'm Harlem 
River, W. to N. R. 

101 Lenox av. 

201 7th av. 

>1 Sth av. 

315 Bradhurst av. 

411 Hamilton Ter. 

451 Convent av. 

51 I \msterdam av. 

— Hamilton PI. 

601 I '.roadway 
W. 145th, Pm Harlem 
River. \Y. to N. R. 

101 Lenok av. 

•Jul 7th a v. 

301 8th av. 
317 Bradhurst av. 

345 Edgecomb av. 

401 St. Nicholas av. 

501 Amsterdam av. 

501 Amsterdam av. 

601 Broadway 
12th av. 
All streets from \Y. 
145th to tV. 164th, 
begin at Harlem 

River and run W. 
to North River, and 
are numbered simi- 
lar to W. 146th 



W. 156th. f'm 7th av., 
W. to North River 
201 7th av. 

— Macomb's La. 
301 Sth av. 

— Bradhurst av. 
Harlem R. 1 Irivew'y 

■1i il St. Nicholas PI 

— Edgecomb av. 
— St. Nicholas av. 
501 Amsterdam av. 
601 Broadway 

W. 156th, from 921 St. 
Nicholas av., \\ . to 
Bn ladway 
423 St. Nicholas av. 

W. 157th, f'm Edge- 
comb Rd., W. to 
B'way 

W. r.Mh, f'm 957 St. 
Nicholas av., W. to 
North River 
525 Audubon av. 
601 Broadway 

W. 159th, from Edge- 
cm 1. Road, W. to 
Broadway 

\\ . 160th, from Edge- 
comb Road. W. to 
485 W. 129th 
Broadway 

W. 161st, from 2036 
Amsterdam av., W. 
to Broadway 

W. 162d from Edge- 
comb Road, W. to 
Amsterdam av. 

\\ . L63d, from Edge- 
comb Road, W. to 
Amsterdam av. 

\V. 164th. from Edge 
comb Road, \\ to 
Kingsbridge Road 

W. 165th. from Edge- 
comb Road, W. to 
North River. 

W. 166th. from 2138 
Amsterdam av., \\ . 
to Broadway 

\\ . li'.Tth, from Edge- 
cqmb Road, W. to 
Kingsbridge Road 

W. 168th, from 2178 
Amsterdam av., W. 
to Broadway 

W. 169th, from Am- 
i. i dam av., W. to 
Broadway 

W , 17ml.. from 
comb Rt iad \\ . to 
Ft. Washington av. 

W. lTKt. from Am- 
sterdam av., W. to 
B'way 

All streets from W. 
171st to W. 190th be- 
gin at Amsterdam 
av. and run \\ est 
to Broadwav 

W. 201st, f'm 'Harlem 
River, \Y. to Am- 
sterdam av. 

All streets from W. 
201st to \\". 210th be- 



gin at Harlem River 

and run W. to Am- 
sterdam av. 
W. 211th. f'm Harlem 

River, W. to 
W. 212th, f'm Harlem 

River, W . t<. B'way 
W. 213th, f'm Harlem 

River, W. to B'way 
W. 21lth, p m Harlem 

River, \\ . to B'way 
W 21.7th, f'm Harlem 

River, U to B'way 
V\ 216th, f'm Harlem 

Rivi i. \\ . to H'way 
W - 218th, f'm Harlem 

River, W. to I sham 

W. 219th, f'm Hai m 
r, \V. to I sham 
W ■ 22nth, f'm Harlem 
River, W. to Sea- 
man av. 
White, from 117 W. 
Broadway, E. to 
Baxter 
w l ite's PI., r. 214 W. 

18th. 
Whitehall, from 2 
Broadway, S. to 
East River 
Willet, fm 482 Grand, 

N. to E. 1 [ouston 
William, from 107 
Pearl, N.E. to 447 
Pearl 

6 Beaver 
44 Wall 
54 fine 
til I edar 
7s Liberty 
82 M.nden Lane 
106 1-hn 
140 Fulton 
168 Beekman 
180 Spruce 

mkfort 
N. William 
240 Duane 
244 New Chambers 
Winthrop PL, Creene, 
bet. Wavcrley PI. 
and E. 8th 
W ooster, from 355 Ca- 
nal. V to W. 4th 
30 Crand 
54 Broome 
92 Spring 
128 I'rince 
166 W. Houston 
1!M Bleccker 
234 W. 3d 
Worth, fm 72 Hud- 
son, E. to l'k Rw. 
26 W. Broadway 
62 Church 
— Broadway 
116 Elm 
12,1 Centre 
Vork.Pm 9 St. John's 
Lane, E. to West 
Broadway 



Index. 



Academy of Music 67 
American News 60 
American Surety 10, 18 
Ames 125 
Appellate Court 75 
Aquarium 2"] 
Armour 88 
Arnold 54 
Arthur 68 
Assay Office 50, 132 
Assembly 59, 62 
Astor House 56 
Astor, J. J., 39, 40, 56, 

87, 121 
Astor Library 135 
Astor, Mrs. W. 87 
Astor Place Riots 134 
Astor, W. 40 
Astor, W. B. 40 
Astor, W. W. 39 
Atlantic Cable 60 
Bar Association 82 
Barge Office 30 
Barnard College 117 
Bartholdi 34 
Battery Park 26 
Bayne 109 
Beecher 137 
Belmont 88 
Beth-El 90 
BethesJa Fountain 95 
Bible House 134 
Bissell 68 

BlackwelFs I'd Edge 130 
Boroughs 134 
Botanical Garden 124 
Bowery 134 
Bowling Green 36 
Bowling Green B. 11,36 
Bradford 40 
Breese 44 
Brevoort 66 



Bridges 20, 121, 130 
Broad Exchange 14, 5] 
Broadway Bend 66 
Bronx Park 124 
Bronx River 124 
Brooklyn 136 
Brooklyn Bridge 20 
Brooklyn Institute 137 
Burr 45 

Carnegie 90, 134 
Cars 140 

Castle Garden 28 
Castle Williams 26, 31 
Cathedral St. John 118 
Cathedral St. Patrick Si 
Central Park — 

Gates 92 

Carriages 92 

Fountain 95 

Pilgrim 94 

Belvedere 95 

Mall 92 

Statues 93-4-5 

Obelisk 95 

Reservoir 98 

Lakes 98 

Menagerie 98 

Museums 99-100 
Central Bank B. 11 
Century Club 80 
"Century" 67 
Chemical Bank 60 
Churches 142 
City Hall 59, 60 
City Hall, old 46 
City Hall Park 59 
City Treasury B. 16 
Claremont 109 
Clark 90 

Clearing House 51 
Cleveland 74 



Coles 120 

College Physicians 117 

Colonial Dames 125 

Columbia Boat House 
109, 117 

Columbia University 116 

Commercial Cable B 12 
15. 5i 

Coney Island 135 

Congress, first 46 

Conklin 68, 79 

Consolidated Exchange 
46 

Constable B. 11 

Cooke 56 

Cooper 134 

Cooper Union 135 

Corrigan 82 

Council 59, 62 

Court House 62 

Cox 134 

Criminal Court 62 

Croton Aqueduct 121 

Croton Water 67, 121 

Curb Market 46 

Custom House 50, 51, 131 

Daughters of the Revo- 
lution 121 

Deadman's Curve 67 

Declaration 36, 62 

Delmonico's 79, 80 

De Long 62 

Democratic Club 82 

De Peyster 36 

Dewey Arch 72 

Diana 72 

Dix portrait 62 

Doelger 109 

Earle 121 

East River Bridge 24 

Edison Bldg. 51 



INDEX. 



Election Night 60 
Elevators 12 
Elevator, first 79 
Eleventh street 66 
Ellis Island 26 
Emanu-El 80 
Emmett 56 
Empire Bldg. n 
Equitable Bldg. 11. 12 
Ericsson Statue 30 
Erie Canal 62 
Evacuation Day 46 
"Evening Post"' 56 
Farragut 69 
Federal Hall 46 
F"erries 139 
Fifth avenue 77 
Fifth Avenue 1 Intel 79 
Fireboat 28 
Flagstaff in Halt cry 31 
Fleischmann's 66 
Fort Amsterdam 36 
Fort George 122 
Foster 109 
Franklin 54. 59, 60 
Fraunces' Tavern 34 
Fulton 45 
Gallatin 45 
Garibaldi 77 
George III. Statue 36 
"German Herold" 59 
Gerry 87 

Gillender Bldg. 14, 46 
Glen Island 139 
Gould, Geo. 88 
Gould, Helen 82, 125, 135 
Governor's Island 26, 31 
Governor's room 62 
Grace Church 65 
Grant 62 

Grant's Tomb 112 
Grant statue 136 
Greeley 59 
Green 60 
Greenwood 133 
Guttenberg 60 
Hack Fares 145 
Hale 63, 121 
Halleck 56, 121 
Hall Fame 123 
Hall Records 62 
Hamilton 44 
Hamilton Court 117 
Hand-shaking alley 62 
Harbor Police 30 
Harlem Battle 116 
Harlem River 120 
Harvard Club 82 
Havemeyer 88 



"Herald" 108 
Herald Building 108 
Hewitt 134 

I [igh Bridge 121 
Hispanic Society 135& 
Holley 77 

I I ome Life Bldg. 60 
Horace Mann Schoc 

117 
Hotels 142 
Huntington 84 
1 hint .Memorial 89 
Immigration Depot 
Isabella Heimath i. 
James Fountain 67 
Jefferson Statue 62 
Johnson Bldg. 51 
John St. Church 135a 
Judge Bldg. 78 
Judson ( hurch 77 
Jumel Mansion 120 
Kean 56 
Kearney 45 
King's College 116 
Knowlton 116 

Lafayette 28, 67 

Lafayette Place 134 

1 .awrence 44 

Leitch 116 

Lenox 89 

Lewis 45 

Liberty Statue 26, 32, 34 

Libraries — 

Astor 134 
. Cooper 134 

Lenox 89 

Mercantile 134 

New York 80 
Li I lung Chang 85, 114 
Lincoln 62, 67, 114 
Lind 28 
Little Church Around 

the Corner 1350 
Livingston 45 
Lorillard 124 
Low 116 

McGowan's Pass 93 
McKinley 114 
Mac Nevin 56 
Madison Square 68 
Madison Sq. Garden 72 
"Mail and Express" 56 
Manhattan Life B. 0. 12 
Mapes memorial 116 
Marshal 50 

Martyrs' Monument 44 
Matthews 109 
Mayor 59 
Mayor's room 60 



Mechanical Eng'r. 135a 

Merchants' Assn. 15 

Methodist Book Con- 
cern 78 

Metropolitan Club 87 

Metropolitan Life II, 68 

Metropolitan Mus. Art 
100 

Millionaires' Club S7 

Millii maires' Row 87 

Mills Building 46 

Mills' Hotel " 

Mission of Our Lady of 
the Rosary 32 

Morgan, J. P. 51 

M' nit-, imery 5 1 

"Morning Journal'' ;'i 

Morningside H'ts 1 [6 

Morse, S. F. B. 28 

Morton 65 

Mt. St. Vincent 93 

Murray 79 

Murray Hill 79 

Museum of Art 100 

Narrows 26 

Navy Yard 137 

Nat. Hist. M useum 99 

Netherland 86 

per Row 59 

New street 46 

New York City 132 

New York fireboat 28 

"X. Y. Gazette" 40 

N. Y. Life B. 11. 15 

N. Y. University 77 

N. Y. Yacht Club 82 

Niehaus, C. H. 40 

Obelisk 95 

Ocean Parkway 137 

Oelrichs 84 

Ottendorfer 123 

Palisades 64 

Parkhurst 68, 77 

Park Bank 56, 64 

Park Row 59 

Park Row B. 12, 16, 59 

Payne 62, 88 

Penn. Terminal 146 

Pickhardt House 89 

Plassman 59 

Piatt to 

Plaza 86 

Plaza Hotel 86 

Plymouth Church 137 

Poe Cottage 144 

Pollock 114 

Population 1,34 

Porter 114 

Postal Bldg. 11. 60 



INDEX. 



Post Office 59 
Potter, Bishop 109 
Potter's Field 77 
Pratt Institute 137 
Presbyterian Bldg. 78 
"Press" 59 
Prince of Wales 54 
Printing House Square 

59 
Produce Exchange 38 
Prospect Park 136 
Punch bowl 62 
Railroads 138 
Randall 77 
Rapid Transit 129 
Rapid Transit Subway 

64, 129 
Reform Club 79 
Register's Office 62 
Renwick 82 
Reservoirs 98 
Rhind, J. M. 40 
Revolution 43, 62, 63, 

116, 121, 124 
Riverside Drive 109 
Riverside Park 109 
Rockaway 139 
Rockefeller 84 
Roebling 21 
Rogers 68 
Routes 145 
Sage 134 

Sailors' Harbor 77, 137 
St. Gaudens 70, 72, 133 
St. Mark's 135 
St. Nicholas Club 82 
St.Patrick's Cathedral 80 
St. Paul Building 56 
St. Paul's Chapel 54 
St. Thomas's 84 
Savoy 86 

Schermerhorn B. n 
Seward 68 
Sheriff 59 

Sherman Statue, frontis. 
Sherry's 80 
Shoe and Leather Bank 

60 



Skyscrapers 9 
Singer Building 14 
Sloane 84 
Soldiers' and Sailors' 

Monument 109 
Sons of Liberty 64 
Sothern 56 
Speedway 122 
"Staats-Zeitung" 59, 123 
Stamp Act 36 
Standard Oil 14, 20, 44 
Staten Island 137 
Steamships 138 
Steamship Sizes 135b 
Stern 88 
Stewart 134 
Stewart Bldg. 60 
Stock Exchange 46 
Strawberry Hill 114 
Stuyvesant 135 
Sub-Treasury 46 
Subway 64, 126 
Subway Stations 141 
Sugar Trust 132 
"Sun" 59 

Tammany Hall 67 
Taylor 65 

Teachers' College 117 
Temple 42 
Theatres 144 
Tiffany Chapel 119 
Tiffany's 67 
Times Bldg. 59, 107 
"Times" 59 

Tract Society B. 12, 59 
Trask 46 
"Tribune" 59 
Trinity Building 16 
Trinity Church 40 
Trinity Churchyard 42 
Trumbull 62 
Tunnels 64, 126, 146 
Tweed 62 

Twelfth Night Club 82 
Twombley 84 
Union Club 82 
Union League 80 



Union Square 67 
U. S. Realty B. 16 

University Club 84 
University Heights 123 
Van Arsdale 32 
Van Cortlandt Park 125 
Vanderbilt, C. 32, 82, 84 
Vanderbilt, Geo. 84 
Vanderbilt, W. H. 96 
Vanderbilt, W. K. 84 
Vanderbilt Houses 82, 

84, 86 
Vincent B. 12 
Waldorf-Astoria 79 
Wall street 46 
Ward 46, 59, 68 
Washington 38, 54, 62, 

67, 120, 121, 124, 125 
Washington Arch 77 
Washington Bridge 122 
Washington Bldg. 36 
Washington elm 56 
Washington portrait 62 
Washington relics 62 
Washington Square 77 
Washington statues 46. 

67, 109 
Watts 43 
Webb 84 

Webb Academy 123 
Webster statue 97 
Westfield disaster 30 
Whitehall boatmen 30 
White 69 

Whitney, H. P. 84 
Whitney, W. C. 84, 88 
Windsor Arcade 82 
Windsor Hotel 82 
Wolfe, Miss C. L. 65, 68, 

104 
"World" 59 
World Bldg. 58. 133 
Worth Monument 70 
Yale Club 82 
Yerkes 88 
Zoological Park 125 



T 
pea 

Jan 



JAMAICA 




Of all the West India islands, Jamaica is the one whose invitation 
to the holiday maker is the most alluring. 

The change from the rigor of the northern winter to the warmth and 

sunshine and pic- 
turesque scenery 
of this West In- 
dian paradise is 
one of the most 
delightful experi- 
ences open to the 
traveler in the 
western world. 

The island is 
rich in natural at- 
tractions. There 
arc m o u n t a i n 
ranges with peaks 
rising to an alti- 
tude of over 7,000 
feet, and valleys 
clothed in dense 
vegetation a n d 
meandered by streams of crystal clearness and unfailing supply. The 
novelty of the scenery in its larger aspects, and the unfamiliar forms of 
the tropical vegetation, the golden brightness of the sun, the rich glow 
of color by day, and the softness of the air and its fragrance at night 
contribute to the pleasure of outdoor life. 

The diversity of altitudes so characteristic of Jamaica give corres- 
ponding variations of temperature. From a range of 80 to 86 degrees 
at the seacoast level, the mercury falls to 45 and 50 degrees in the moun- 
tains; and in higher altitudes the atmosphere has a dryness which is 
peculiarly grateful to persons of delicate constitution. 

Sea bathing is enjoyable the year around. Jamaica waters afford ex- 
cellent fishing: 

The island is traversed in every direction by smooth, hard English- 
made roads, admirably maintained. The Government has appropriated 
this year three-quarters of a million dollars for the up-keep and building 
ing (if auto and carriage roads. The excellence of the roads and the 
picturesque scenery make Jamaica an ideal motoring country. .Machines 
may readily be taken in by steamship from Xew York; and there are 
adequate garages and motor supply houses. Automobiles may be had 
for t"urist use. 

Jamaica is well supplied with hotels and boarding houses, and every 
essential fur the tourist's comfort. Detailed information may be had 
at Mr. Foster's offices. 




TfoeOTAMMRD 




To A Good Breakfast 




>K MR. FOSTER for printed matter. Mr. Foster's office, Flatiron Bldg. Arcade, B'way & 23d ! 



